6lo P. Thubert, Ed. Internet-Draft Cisco Systems Updates: 6550, 8505, 9010 (if approved) 30 September 2021 Intended status: Standards Track Expires: 3 April 2022 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Multicast Address Registration draft-thubert-6lo-multicast-registration-00 Abstract This document updates RFC 8505 in order to enable the registration by a 6LN of an IPv6 multicast address to a 6LR. This document also extends RFC 9010 to enable the 6LR to inject the address in the RPL multicast support. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 3 April 2022. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3. Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Extending RFC 7400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. Updating RFC 6550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. Updating RFC 8505 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.1. New EARO flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.2. Multicast Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7. Updating RFC 9010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8. Backward Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9. Deployment considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11.1. New ARO flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11.2. New 6LoWPAN Capability Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 12. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 13. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 14. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1. Introduction The design of Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) is generally focused on saving energy, which is the most constrained resource of all. Other design constraints, such as a limited memory capacity, duty cycling of the LLN devices and low-power lossy transmissions, derive from that primary concern. The radio is a major energy drain and the protocol signaling must be adapted to optimize their transmissions and avoid any waste. The "Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks" [RFC6550] (RPL) to provide IPv6 [RFC8200] routing services within such constraints. To save signaling and routing state in constrained networks, the RPL routing is only performed along a Destination- Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) that is optimized to reach a Root node, as opposed to along the shortest path between 2 peers, whatever that would mean in a given LLN. Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 This trades the quality of peer-to-peer (P2P) paths for a vastly reduced amount of control traffic and routing state that would be required to operate an any-to-any shortest path protocol. Additionally, broken routes may be fixed lazily and on-demand, based on dataplane inconsistency discovery, which avoids wasting energy in the proactive repair of unused paths. Section 12 of [RFC6550] details the "Storing Mode of Operation with multicast support" with source-independent multicast routing in RPL. The classical "IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (IPv6 ND) Protocol" [RFC4861] [RFC4862] was defined for serial links and shared transit media such as Ethernet at a time when broadcast was cheap on those media while memory for neighbor cache was expensive. It was thus designed as a reactive protocol that relies on caching and multicast operations for Address Discovery (aka Lookup) and Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) of IPv6 unicast addresses. Those multicast operations typically impact every node on link when at most one is really targeted, which is a waste of energy, and imply that all nodes are awake to hear the request, which is inconsistent with power saving (sleeping) modes. The original 6LoWPAN ND, "Neighbor Discovery Optimizations for 6LoWPAN networks" [RFC6775], was introduced to avoid the excessive use of multicast messages and enable IPv6 ND for operations over energy-constrained nodes. [RFC6775] changes the classical IPv6 ND model to proactively establish the Neighbor Cache Entry (NCE) associated to the unicast address of a 6LoWPAN Node (6LN) in the a 6LoWPAN Router(s) (6LR) that serves it. To that effect, [RFC6775] defines a new Address Registration Option (ARO) that is placed in unicast Neighbor Solicitation (NS) and Neighbor Advertisement (NA) messages between the 6LN and the 6LR. "Registration Extensions for 6LoWPAN Neighbor Discovery" [RFC8505] updates [RFC6775] into a generic Address Registration mechanism that can be used to access services such as routing and ND proxy and introduces the Extended Address Registration Option (EARO) for that purpose. This provides a routing-agnostic interface for a host to request that the router injects a unicast IPv6 address in the local routing protocol and provide return reachability for that address. "Routing for RPL Leaves" [RFC9010] provides the router counterpart of the mechanism for a host that implements [RFC8505] to inject its unicast Unique Local Addresses (ULAs) and Glocal Unicast Addresses (GUAs) in RPL. But though RPL also provides multicast routing, 6LoWPAN ND supports only the registration of unicast addresses and there is no equivalent of [RFC9010] to specify the 6LR behavior upon the registration of a multicast address. Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 The "Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) for IPv6" [RFC3810] enables the router to learn which node listens to which multicast address, but as the classical IPv6 ND protocol, MLD relies on multicasting Queries to all nodes, which is unfit for low power operations. As for IPv6 ND, it makes sense to let the 6LNs control when and how they maintain the state associated to their multicast address in the 6LR, e.g., during their own wake time. In the case of a constrained node that already implements [RFC8505] for unicast reachability, it makes sense to specify a simple extension to that code to register the multicast addresses they listen to. This specification extends [RFC8505] and [RFC9010] to add the capability for the 6LN to register multicast addresses and for the 6LR to inject them in the RPL multicast support. 2. Terminology 2.1. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 2.2. References This document uses terms and concepts that are discussed in: * "Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6" [RFC4861] and "IPv6 Stateless address Autoconfiguration" [RFC4862], * Neighbor Discovery Optimization for Low-Power and Lossy Networks [RFC6775], as well as * "Registration Extensions for 6LoWPAN Neighbor Discovery" [RFC8505] and * "Using RPI Option Type, Routing Header for Source Routes, and IPv6-in-IPv6 Encapsulation in the RPL Data Plane" [RFC9008]. 2.3. Glossary This document uses the following acronyms: 6BBR 6LoWPAN Backbone Router 6BBR 6LoWPAN Border Router 6LN 6LoWPAN Node Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 6LR 6LoWPAN Router 6CIO Capability Indication Option AMC Address Mapping Confirmation AMR Address Mapping Request ARO Address Registration Option DAC Duplicate Address Confirmation DAD Duplicate Address Detection DAR Duplicate Address Request EARO Extended Address Registration Option EDAC Extended Duplicate Address Confirmation EDAR Extended Duplicate Address Request DODAG Destination-Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph LLN Low-Power and Lossy Network NA Neighbor Advertisement NCE Neighbor Cache Entry ND Neighbor Discovery NS Neighbor Solicitation ROVR Registration Ownership Verifier RA Router Advertisement RS Router Solicitation TID Transaction ID 3. Overview [RFC8505] is a pre-requisite to this specification. A node that implement this MUST also implement [RFC8505]. This specification does not introduce a new option; it modifies existing options and updates the associated behaviors to enable the registration of multicast addresses with [RFC8505]. This specification also extends [RFC6550] and [RFC9010] in the case of a route-over multilink subnet based on the RPL routing protocol. A 6LR that implements the RPL extensions specified therein MUST also implement [RFC9010]. Figure 1 illustrates the classical situation of an LLN as a single IPv6 Subnet, with a 6LoWPAN Border Router (6LBR) that acts as Root for RPL operations and maintains a registry of the active registrations as an abstract data structure called an Address Registrar for 6LoWPAN ND. The LLN may be a hub-and-spoke access link such as (Low-Power) Wi-Fi [IEEE Std 802.11] and Bluetooth (Low Energy) [IEEE Std 802.15.1], or a Route-Over LLN such as the Wi-SUN mesh [Wi-SUN] that leverages 6LoWPAN [RFC4919][RFC6282] and RPL [RFC6550] over [IEEE Std 802.15.4]. Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 | ----+-------+------------ | Wire side +------+ | 6LBR | |(Root)| +------+ o o o Wireless side o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o LLN o o o o o o o 6LR o o o o o o z o o o o z o 6LN Figure 1: Wireless Mesh A leaf acting as a 6LN registers its unicast addresses to a RPL router acting as a 6LR, using a unicast NS message with an EARO as specified in [RFC8505]. The registration state is periodically renewed by the Registering Node, before the lifetime indicated in the EARO expires. With this specification, the 6LNs can now register for the multicast addresses they listen to, using a new M flag in the EARO to signal a registration for a multicast address. Multiple 6LN can register for the same multicast address to the samme 6LR. Note the use of the term "for", the nodes registers the unicast addresses it owns, but registers for multicast addresses that it listens to. If the R flag is set in the registration of one or more 6LNs for the same multicast address, the 6LR injects the multicast address in the RPL multicast support, based on the longest registration lifetime across those 6LNs. The DAO messages for the multicast address percolate along the RPL preferred parent tree in storing mode of operation and form a subtree for that multicast address with 6LNs that registered for it as the leaves. As prescribed in section 12 of [RFC6550], the RPL routers forward the multicast packets as individual unicast MAC frames to each child that advertised the multicast address in its DAO message . The same way, the 6LR delivers the multicast packet as individual unicast MAC frames to each of the 6LNs that registered for the multicast address. Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 4. Extending RFC 7400 This specification defines a new capability bit for use in the 6CIO as defined by "6LoWPAN-GHC: Generic Header Compression for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)" [RFC7400] and extended in [RFC8505] for use in IPv6 ND messages. The new "Registration of Multicast Address Supported" (M) flag indicates to the 6LN that the 6LR accepts multicast address registrations as specified in this document and will ensure that packets for the multicast Registered Address will be routed to the 6LNs that registered with the R flag set. Figure 2 illustrates the M flag in its suggested position (8, counting 0 to 15 in network order in the 16-bit array), to be confirmed by IANA. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length = 1 | Reserved |M|A|D|L|B|P|E|G| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Reserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 2: New Capability Bits in the 6CIO New Option Field: M 1-bit flag: "Registration of Multicast Address Supported" 5. Updating RFC 6550 RPL supports multicast operation the "Storing Mode of Operation with multicast support" (MOP 3) which provides source-independent multicast routing in RPL, as prescribed in section 12 of [RFC6550]. MOP 3 is a storing Mode of Operation. This is needed to build a multicast tree within the RPL DODAG for each multicast Address. The expectation is that the unicast traffic also follows the Storing Mode of Operation. But this is rarely the case in current LLN deployments of RPL where the "Non-Storing Mode of Operation" (MOP 1) is the norm. Though it is preferred to build separate RPL Instances, one in MOP 1 and one in MOP 3, this specification allows to hybrid the Storing Mode for multicast and Non-Storing Mode for unicast in the same RPL Instance, more in Section 9 . Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 6. Updating RFC 8505 6.1. New EARO flag Section 4.1 of [RFC8505] defines the EARO as an extension to the ARO option defined in [RFC6775]. This specification adds a new M flag to the EARO flags field to signal that the Registered Address is a multicast address. When both the M and the R flags are set, the 6LR that conforms this specification joins the multicast stream, e.g., by injecting the address in the RPL multicast support. Figure 3 illustrates the M flag in its suggested position (4, counting 0 to 8 in network order in the 8-bit array), to be confirmed by IANA. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Status | Opaque | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Rsvd |M| I |R|T| TID | Registration Lifetime | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | ... Registration Ownership Verifier ... | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 3: EARO Option Format New Option Field: M 1-bit flag: "Registration of Multicast Address Supported" 6.2. Multicast Registration With [RFC8505]: * Only unicast addresses can be registered. * The 6LN must register all its ULA and GUA with a NS(EARO). * The 6LN may set the R flag in the EARO to obtain return reachability services by the 6LR, e.g., through ND proxy operations, or by injecting the route in a route-over subnet. * the 6LR maintains a registration state per Registered Address, including an NCE with the Link Layer Address (LLA) of the Registered Node (the 6LN here). Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 This specification adds the following behaviour: * Registration of multicast addresses is now supported. * The 6LN MUST also register all the IPv6 multicast addresses that it listens to and it MUST set the M flag in the EARO for those addresses. * The 6LN MAY set the R flag in the EARO to obtain the delivery of the multicast packets by the 6LR, e.g., by MLD proxy operations, or by injecting the address in a route-over subnet or in the Protocol Independent Multicast [RFC7761] protocol. * The 6LR maintains a registration state per tuple (IPv6 address, LLA) since multiple 6LNs may listen to the same multicast address. 7. Updating RFC 9010 With [RFC9010]: * The 6LR injects only unicast routes in RPL * upon a registration with the R flag set to 1 in the EARO, the 6LR injects the address in the RPL unicast support. * Upon receiving a packet directed to a unicast address for which it has an active registration, the 6LR delivers the packet as a unicast layer-2 frame to the LLA the nodes that registered the unicast address. This specification adds the following behaviour: * Upon a registration with the R and the M flags set to 1 in the EARO, the 6LR injects the address in the RPL multicast support. * Upon receiving a packet directed to a multicast address for which it has at least one registration, the 6LR delivers a copy of the packet as a unicast layer-2 frame to the LLA of each of the nodes that registered to that multicast address. 8. Backward Compatibility A legacy 6LN will not register multicast address and the service will be the same when the network is upgraded. A legacy 6LR will not set the M flag in the 6CIO and an upgraded 6LN will not register multicast addresses. Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 9. Deployment considerations To deploy this specification in a RPL domain, it is REQUIRED that there is enough density of RPL routers that support MOP 3 to build the spanning multicast trees that are needed to distribute the multicast flows. It is generally RECOMMENDED to deploy one RPL Instance in any Mode of Operation (typically MOP 1) for unicast that legacy nodes can join, and a separate RPL Instance dedicated to multicast operations and operating in MOP 3. This allows to use a different objective function for both direction, favouring the link quality up for unicast collection and down for multicast distribution. But this might be impractical in some use cases where the signaling and the state to be installed in the devices are very constrained. When using a single RPL Instance, MOP 3 expects the Storing Mode of Operation for both unicast and multicast, which is an issue in constrained networks that typically use MOP 1 for unicast. This specification allows a mixed mode (MOP 1 fo runicast and MOP 3 for multicast) under the following conditions: * All the RPL routers support the mixed mode and are configured to operate in that mode/ * The MOP signaled in the RPL DODAG Information Object (DIO) messages is MOP 1 to enable the legacy nodes to operate as leaves. * T The support of multicast in the RPL Instance SHOULD be signaled by the 6LR to the 6LN using a 6CIO, see Section 4. * Altrenatively, the support of multicast in the RPL domain can be known by other means such as configuration or external information such as support of a version of an industry standard that mandates it. 10. Security Considerations This specification extends [RFC8505], and the security section of that document also applies to this document. In particular, the link layer SHOULD be sufficiently protected to prevent rogue access. Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 11. IANA Considerations Note to RFC Editor, to be removed: please replace "This RFC" throughout this document by the RFC number for this specification once it is allocated. Also, the I Field is defined in RFC 9010 but we failed to insert it in the subregistry and the flags appear as unspecified though they are. IANA is requested to make a number of changes under the "Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6) Parameters" registry, as follows. 11.1. New ARO flag IANA is requested to make additions to the Address Registration Option flags subregistry as follows: +---------------+----------------------+-----------+ | ARO flag | Meaning | Reference | +---------------+----------------------+-----------+ | 4 and 5 | "I" Field | RFC 8505 | +---------------+----------------------+-----------+ | 3 (suggested) | M flag: Registration | This RFC | | | of Multicast Address | | +---------------+----------------------+-----------+ Table 1: New ARO flag 11.2. New 6LoWPAN Capability Bits IANA is requested to make an addition to the Subregistry for "6LoWPAN Capability Bits" subregistry as follows: +----------------+-----------------------------+-----------+ | Capability Bit | Meaning | Reference | +----------------+-----------------------------+-----------+ | 8 (suggested) | M flag: Registration of | This RFC | | | Multicast Address Supported | | +----------------+-----------------------------+-----------+ Table 2: New 6LoWPAN Capability Bits 12. Acknowledgments 13. Normative References Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 11] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC4861] Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H. Soliman, "Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 4861, DOI 10.17487/RFC4861, September 2007, . [RFC4862] Thomson, S., Narten, T., and T. Jinmei, "IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration", RFC 4862, DOI 10.17487/RFC4862, September 2007, . [RFC6550] Winter, T., Ed., Thubert, P., Ed., Brandt, A., Hui, J., Kelsey, R., Levis, P., Pister, K., Struik, R., Vasseur, JP., and R. Alexander, "RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks", RFC 6550, DOI 10.17487/RFC6550, March 2012, . [RFC6775] Shelby, Z., Ed., Chakrabarti, S., Nordmark, E., and C. Bormann, "Neighbor Discovery Optimization for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)", RFC 6775, DOI 10.17487/RFC6775, November 2012, . [RFC7400] Bormann, C., "6LoWPAN-GHC: Generic Header Compression for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)", RFC 7400, DOI 10.17487/RFC7400, November 2014, . [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . [RFC8200] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200, DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017, . [RFC8505] Thubert, P., Ed., Nordmark, E., Chakrabarti, S., and C. Perkins, "Registration Extensions for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Neighbor Discovery", RFC 8505, DOI 10.17487/RFC8505, November 2018, . Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 12] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 [RFC9010] Thubert, P., Ed. and M. Richardson, "Routing for RPL (Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks) Leaves", RFC 9010, DOI 10.17487/RFC9010, April 2021, . 14. Informative References [RFC3810] Vida, R., Ed. and L. Costa, Ed., "Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) for IPv6", RFC 3810, DOI 10.17487/RFC3810, June 2004, . [RFC4919] Kushalnagar, N., Montenegro, G., and C. Schumacher, "IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs): Overview, Assumptions, Problem Statement, and Goals", RFC 4919, DOI 10.17487/RFC4919, August 2007, . [RFC6282] Hui, J., Ed. and P. Thubert, "Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-Based Networks", RFC 6282, DOI 10.17487/RFC6282, September 2011, . [RFC7761] Fenner, B., Handley, M., Holbrook, H., Kouvelas, I., Parekh, R., Zhang, Z., and L. Zheng, "Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised)", STD 83, RFC 7761, DOI 10.17487/RFC7761, March 2016, . [RFC9008] Robles, M.I., Richardson, M., and P. Thubert, "Using RPI Option Type, Routing Header for Source Routes, and IPv6- in-IPv6 Encapsulation in the RPL Data Plane", RFC 9008, DOI 10.17487/RFC9008, April 2021, . [Wi-SUN] Heile, B., (Remy), B. L., Zhang, M., and C. E. Perkins, "Wi-SUN FAN Overview", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-heile-lpwan-wisun-overview-00, 3 July 2017, . [IEEE Std 802.15.4] IEEE standard for Information Technology, "IEEE Std 802.15.4, Part. 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks". Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 13] Internet-Draft Multicast Address Registration September 2021 [IEEE Std 802.11] IEEE standard for Information Technology, "IEEE Standard 802.11 - IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications.", . [IEEE Std 802.15.1] IEEE standard for Information Technology, "IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Specific Requirements. - Part 15.1: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)". Author's Address Pascal Thubert (editor) Cisco Systems, Inc Building D 45 Allee des Ormes - BP1200 06254 Mougins - Sophia Antipolis France Phone: +33 497 23 26 34 Email: pthubert@cisco.com Thubert Expires 3 April 2022 [Page 14]