| PCE Working Group | M. Koldychev |
| Internet-Draft | S. Sivabalan |
| Intended status: Standards Track | Cisco Systems, Inc. |
| Expires: January 3, 2020 | M. Negi |
| Huawei Technologies | |
| D. Achaval | |
| Nokia | |
| H. Kotni | |
| Juniper Networks, Inc | |
| July 02, 2019 |
PCEP Operational Clarification
draft-koldychev-pce-operational-00
This document is meant to provide better clarity about how PCEP operates and hence to facilitate better interoperability between different equipment vendors. The content of this document has been compiled based on the feedback from several multi-vendor interop exercises. Several constructs are introduced to facilitate this, such as the LSP-DB and the ASSO-DB.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on January 3, 2020.
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Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP) [RFC5440] enables the communication between a Path Computation Client (PCC) and a Path Control Element (PCE), or between two PCEs based on the PCE architecture [RFC4655].
PCEP Extensions for the Stateful PCE Model [RFC8231] describes a set of extensions to PCEP to enable active control of Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) tunnels. [RFC8281] describes the setup and teardown of PCE-initiated LSPs under the active stateful PCE model, without the need for local configuration on the PCC, thus allowing for dynamic centralized control of a network.
PCEP Extensions for Establishing Relationships Between Sets of LSPs [I-D.ietf-pce-association-group] introduces a generic mechanism to create a grouping of LSPs which can then be used to define associations between a set of LSPs and a set of attributes (such as configuration parameters or behaviors) and is equally applicable to stateful PCE (active and passive modes) and stateless PCE.
The PCEP protocol has evolved from a simple stateless model into a stateful model with more features being added. Due to subtle differences in interpretation of existing PCEP standards, it was found that networking equipment vendors often had to adjust their implementations, in order to interoperate. This informational document is meant to clarify these subtle differences and agree on a final model that all major vendors have agreed on and that all other vendors can adopt. This document applies to RSVP-TE and Segment-Routing.
The following terminologies are used in this document:
We introduce the concept of the LSP-DB, as a database of actual LSP state in the network. This concept is not explicitly defined in [RFC8231], but is fully compatible with it. We use the LSP-DB to describe how certain actions are performed, because it is easier to define actions as a function of database state, rather than as a function of previously received messages. The structure and format of the LSP-DB MUST be common among all dataplane types (i.e., RSVP-TE/SR-TE/SRv6), all instantiation methods (i.e., PCC-initiated/PCE-initiated), all destination types (i.e., point-to-point/point-to-multipoint).
Note that we use the term "Tunnel" somewhat loosely here, to mean "the object identified by the PLSP-ID". It may or may not be an actual tunnel in the implementation. For example, working and protect paths can be implemented as one tunnel interface, but in PCEP we would refer to them as two different Tunnels, because they would have different PLSP-IDs.
Note that the term "LSP", which stands for "Label Switched Path", if taken too literally would restrict our discussion to MPLS dataplane only. In this document, we allow the term "LSP" to refer to any path, regardless of the dataplane format. So that an LSP can refer to MPLS and SRv6 dataplane paths.
[RFC8231] states that the LSP-IDENTIFIERS TLV contains the key that MUST be used to differentiate different LSPs during make before break procedure. We further clarify here that PCEP LSPs exist in a 2-tier structure. The top tier is the "Tunnel", identified by the PLSP-ID and/or SYMBOLIC-NAME, while the lower tier is the "LSP", identified by the values in LSP-IDENTIFIERS TLV. A single Tunnel may contain multiple LSPs at the same time, i.e., a Tunnel is a container for LSPs. A Tunnel MUST have at least one LSP and when the last LSP is removed from the Tunnel, the Tunnel itself is removed.
The stateful PCE MUST maintain the PCE LSP-DB, which stores Tunnels and LSPs. The PCE LSP DB is only modified by PCRpt messages. No other PCEP message may modify the PCE LSP DB. The PCC MUST also maintain the PCC LSP DB, which it MUST synchronize with the PCE LSP DB by sending PCRpt messages.
The PCC adds/removes entries to/from its LSP-DB based on what LSPs it creates/destroys in the network. There can be many trigger types for updating the PCC LSP-DB, some examples include PCUpd messages, local computation on the PCC, local configuration on the PCC, etc. The trigger type does not affect the content of the PCC LSP-DB, i.e., the content of the PCC LSP-DB is updated identically regardless of the trigger type.
Whenever a PCC modifies an entry it its PCC LSP-DB, it MUST send a PCRpt message to the PCE (or multiple PCEs), to synchronize this change. Ensuring this synchronization is always in place allows one to define behavior as a function of LSP-DB state, instead of defining behavior as a function of what PCEP messages were sent or received.
The PCE MUST always act on the latest state of the PCE LSP DB. Note that this does not mean that the PCE cannot use information from outside of LSP-DB. For example, the PCE can use other mechanisms to collect traffic statistics and use them in the computation. However, these traffic statistics are not part of the LSP-DB, but only reference it.
The LSP-DB on both the PCC and the PCE only stores the actual state in the network, it does not store the desired state. For example, consider the case of PCE Initiated LSP, configured on the PCE. When the operator modifies the configuration of this LSP, that is a change in desired state. The actual state has not yet changed, so LSP-DB is not modified yet. The LSP-DB is only modified after the PCE sends PCInit/PCUpd message to the PCC and the PCC decides to act on that message. When the PCC acts on message, it would update its own PCC LSP DB and immediately send PCRpt to the PCE to synchronize the change. When the PCE receives the PCRpt msg, it updates its own PCE LSP DB. After this, the PCC LSP DB and PCE LSP DB are in sync.
[RFC8231] in section 5.8.2, allows delegation of an LSP in operationally down state, but at the same time mandates the use of PCReq, before sending PCRpt. In this document, we would like to make it clear that sending PCReq is optional.
We shall refer to the process of sending PCReq before PCRpt as "stateless bringup". In reality, stateless bringup introduces overhead and is not possible to enforce from the PCE, because the stateless PCE is not supposed to keep any per-LSP state about previous PCReq messages. It was found that many vendors choose to ignore this requirement and send the PCRpt directly, without going through PCReq. This section will serve to explain and to validate this behavior.
Even though all the major vendors today are moving to the stateful PCE model, it does not deprecate the need for stateless PCEP. The key property of stateless PCEP is that PCReq messages MUST NOT modify the state of the PCE LSP-DB in any way. Therefore, PCReq messages are useful for many OAM ping/traceroute applications where the PCC wishes to probe the network without having any effect on the existing LSPs.
The PCC MAY delegate an empty LSP to the PCE and then wait for the PCE to send PCUpd, without sending PCReq. We shall refer to this process as "stateful bringup". The PCE MUST support the original stateless bringup, for backward compatibility purposes. Supporting stateful bringup should not require introducing any new behavior on the PCE, because as mentioned earlier, the PCE MUST NOT modify LSP-DB state based on PCReq messages. So whether the PCE has received a PCReq or not, it MUST process the PCRpt all the same.
An example of stateful bringup follows. In our example the PCC starts off by using LSP-ID of 0. The value 0 does not hold any special meaning, any other 16-bit value could have been used.
PCC has no LSP yet, but wants to establish a path. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, D-flag=1, OPER-FLAG=DOWN, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=0, ERO={}).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| TUNNEL | LSP |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------+
| PLSP-ID=100 | LSP-ID=0, D-flag=1, OPER=DOWN, ERO={} |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 1: Content of LSP DB
PCC received a PCUpd from the PCE and has decided to install the ERO={A} from that PCUpd. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, D-flag=1, OPER-FLAG=UP, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=0, ERO={A}).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| TUNNEL | LSP |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------+
| PLSP-ID=100 | LSP-ID=0, D-flag=1, OPER=UP, ERO={A} |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 2: Content of LSP DB
Below we give an example of doing MBB to switch the tunnel from one path to another. We represent the path encoded into the ERO object as ERO={A} and ERO={B}.
PCC has an existing LSP in UP state, with LSP-ID=2. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=2, ERO={A}, OPER-FLAG=UP).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| TUNNEL | LSP |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------+
| PLSP-ID=100 | LSP-ID=2, ERO={A}, OPER=UP |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 3: Content of LSP DB
PCC initiates the MBB procedure by creating a new LSP with LSP-ID=3. It does not matter what triggered the creation of the new LSP, it could have been due to a new path received via PCUpd (if the given tunnel is delegated), or it could have been local computation on the PCC (if the tunnel is locally computed on the PCC), or it could have been a change in configuration on the PCC (if the tunnel's path is explicitly configured on the PCC). It is important to emphasize that the procedure for updating the LSP-DB is common, regardless of the trigger that caused the change.
PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=3, ERO={B}, OPER-FLAG=UP).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| TUNNEL | LSP |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------+
| PLSP-ID=100 | LSP-ID=2, ERO={A}, OPER=UP |
| | LSP-ID=3, ERO={B}, OPER=UP |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 4: Content of LSP DB
After some time, the PCC decides to destroy the old LSP. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=1, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=2).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| TUNNEL | LSP |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------+
| PLSP-ID=100 | LSP-ID=3, ERO={B}, OPER=UP |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 5: Content of LSP DB
The MBB process can abort when the newly created LSP is destroyed before it is installed as traffic carrying. This scenario is described below.
PCC has an existing LSP in UP state, with LSP-ID=2. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, OPER-FLAG=UP, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=2).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | TUNNEL | LSP | +-----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | PLSP-ID=100 | LSP-ID=2, OPER=UP | +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 6: Content of LSP DB
MBB procedure is initiated, a new LSP is created with LSP-ID=3. LSP is currently being established, so its oper state is DOWN. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, OPER-FLAG=DOWN, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=3).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | TUNNEL | LSP | +-----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | PLSP-ID=100 | LSP-ID=2, OPER=UP | | | LSP-ID=3, OPER=DOWN | +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 7: Content of LSP DB
MBB procedure is aborted. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=1, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=3).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | TUNNEL | LSP | +-----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | PLSP-ID=100 | LSP-ID=2, OPER=UP | +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 8: Content of LSP DB
PCEP Association is a group of zero or more LSPs.
The PCE ASSO DB is populated by PCRpt messages and MAY also be populated via configuration on the PCE itself. An Association is identified by the Association Parameters. The Association parameters contain many fields, so for convenience we will group all the fields into a single value. We will use ASSO_PARAM=A, ASSO_PARAM=B, to refer to different PCEP Associations: A and B, respectively.
Below, we give an example of LSPs joining the same Association.
PCC creates the first LSP. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1, ASSO_PARAM=A, ASSO_R_FLAG=0).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | ASSO | LSP | +-----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | ASSO_PARAM=A | PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 9: Content of PCE ASSO DB
PCC creates the second LSP. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=200, LSP-ID=1, ASSO_PARAM=A, ASSO_R_FLAG=0).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | ASSO | LSP | +-----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | ASSO_PARAM=A | PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1 | | | PLSP-ID=200, LSP-ID=1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 10: Content of PCE ASSO DB
PCC updates the first LSP, the PCC is NOT REQUIRED to send the ASSOCIATION object in this PCRpt, since the LSP is already in the Association. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1). The content of the PCE ASSO DB is unchanged. Note that the PCC MUST send the ASSOCIATION OBJECT in the first PCRpt during SYNC state, even if it has already issued a PCRpt with the association object sometime in the past with this PCE. The synchronization steps outlined in [I-D.ietf-pce-association-group] are to be followed.
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | ASSO | LSP | +-----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | ASSO_PARAM=A | PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1 | | | PLSP-ID=200, LSP-ID=1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 11: Content of PCE ASSO DB
PCC decides to delete the second LSP. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=1, PLSP-ID=200, LSP-ID=1).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | ASSO | LSP | +-----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | ASSO_PARAM=A | PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 12: Content of PCE ASSO DB
PCC decides to remove the first LSP from the Association, but not delete the LSP itself. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1, ASSO_PARAM=A, ASSO_R_FLAG=1). The PCE ASSO DB is now empty.
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | ASSO | LSP | +-----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | ASSO_PARAM=A | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 13: Content of PCE ASSO DB
Each new LSP (identified by the LSP-ID) does not inherit the Association membership of any previous LSPs within the same Tunnel. This is done so that a Tunnel can have two LSPs that are in different Associations, this may be required when switching from one Association to another.
Below, we give an example a Tunnel going through MBB and switching from Association A to Association B.
PCC creates the first LSP. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1, ASSO_PARAM=A, ASSO_R_FLAG=0).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | ASSO | LSP | +-----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | ASSO_PARAM=A | PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 14: Content of PCE ASSO DB
PCC creates the MBB LSP in a different Association. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=2, ASSO_PARAM=B, ASSO_R_FLAG=0).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | ASSO | LSP | +-----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | ASSO_PARAM=A | PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1 | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | ASSO_PARAM=B | PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=2 | +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 15: Content of PCE ASSO DB
PCC deletes the old LSP. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=1, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1).
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | ASSO | LSP | +-----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | ASSO_PARAM=B | PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=2 | +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 16: Content of PCE ASSO DB
| [RFC4655] | Farrel, A., Vasseur, J. and J. Ash, "A Path Computation Element (PCE)-Based Architecture", RFC 4655, DOI 10.17487/RFC4655, August 2006. |
Dhruv Dhody Huawei Technologies Divyashree Techno Park, Whitefield Bangalore, Karnataka 560066 India Email: dhruv.ietf@gmail.com
Andrew Stone Nokia Ottawa, Canada Email: andrew.stone@nokia.com