Internet-Draft RPKI-Based Policy Without Route Refresh August 2022
Bush, et al. Expires 24 February 2023 [Page]
Workgroup:
Network Working Group
Internet-Draft:
draft-ietf-sidrops-rov-no-rr-04
Updates:
8481 (if approved)
Published:
Intended Status:
Standards Track
Expires:
Authors:
R. Bush
IIJ Research Lab & Arrcus, Inc.
K. Patel
Arrcus, Inc.
P. Smith
PFS Internet Development Pty Ltd
M. Tinka
SEACOM

RPKI-Based Policy Without Route Refresh

Abstract

A BGP Speaker performing RPKI-based policy should not issue Route Refresh to its neighbors because it has received new RPKI data. This document updates RFC8481 by describing how to avoid doing so by either keeping a full Adj-RIB-In or saving paths dropped due to ROV (Route Origin Validation) so they may be reevaluated with respect to new RPKI data.

Requirements Language

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

This Internet-Draft will expire on 24 February 2023.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Memory constraints in early BGP speakers caused classic [RFC4271] BGP implementations to not keep a full Adj-RIB-In (Sec. 1.1). When doing RPKI-based Route Origin Validation (ROV) ([RFC6811] and [RFC8481]), and similar RPKI-based policy, if such a BGP speaker receives new RPKI data, it might not have kept paths previously marked as Invalid etc. Such an implementation must then request a Route Refresh, [RFC2918] and [RFC7313], from its neighbors to recover the paths which might be covered by these new RPKI data. This will be perceived as rude by those neighbors as it passes a serious resource burden on to them. This document recommends implementations keep and mark paths affected by RPKI-based policy so Route Refresh is no longer needed.

3. ROV Experience

As Route Origin Validation dropping Invalids has deployed, some BGP speaker implementations have been found which, when receiving new RPKI data (VRPs, see [I-D.ietf-sidrops-8210bis]) issue a BGP Route Refresh [RFC7313] to all sending BGP peers so that it can reevaluate the received paths aginst the new data.

In actual deployment this has been found to be very destructive, transferring a serious resource burden to the unsuspecting peers. In reaction, RPKI based Route Origin Validation (ROV) has been turned off. There have been actual de-peerings.

As RPKI registration and ROA creation have steadily increased, this problem has increased, not just proportionally, but on the order of the in-degree of ROV implementing BGP speakers. As ASPA ([I-D.ietf-sidrops-aspa-verification]) becomes used, the problem will increase.

Other mechanisms, such as automented policy provisioning, which have flux rates similar to ROV (i.e. on the order of minutes), could very well cause similar problems.

4. Keeping Partial Adj-RIB-In Data

Ameliorating this problem by keeping a full Adj-RIB-In can be a problem for resource constrained BGP speakers. In reality, only some data need be retained.

When RPKI data cause one or more paths to be dropped by operator policy due to ROV, those paths MUST NOT be evaluated for best route, but MUST be saved (either separately or marked) so they may be reevaluated with respect to new RPKI data.

If new RPKI data arrive which invalidate the best route, and the BGP speaker did not keep all alternatives, then it MUST issue a route refresh so those alternatives may be evaluated for best route.

Policy which may drop routes due to RPKI-based checks such as ROV, ASPA, BGPsec [RFC8205], etc. MUST be run, and the dropped routes saved per the above paragraph, before non-RPKI policies are run, as the latter may change path attributes.

As storing these routes could cause problems in resource constrained devices, there MUST be a global operation, CLI, YANG, ... allowing operator control of this feature. Such a control MUST NOT be per peer, as this could cause inconsistent behavior.

If Route Refresh has been issued toward more than one peer, the order of receipt of the refresh data can cause churn in both best route selection and in outbound signaling.

5. Operational Recommendations

Operators deploying ROV and/or other RPKI based policies should ensure that the BGP speaker implementation is not causing unnecessary Route Refresh requests to neighbors.

BGP Speakers MUST either keep the full Adj-RIB-In or implement the specification in Section 4.

If the BGP speaker does not implement these recommendations, the operator should enable the vendor's control to keep the full Adj-RIB-In, sometimes referred to as "soft reconfiguration inbound". The operator should then measure to ensure that there are no unnecessary Route Refresh requests sent to neighbors.

If the BGP speaker has insufficient resources to support either of the two proposed options, it MUST NOT be used for Route Origin Validation. The equiptment should either be replaced with capable equipement or ROV not used. I.e. the knob in Section 4 should only be used in very well known and controlled circumstances.

Operators using the specification in Section 4 should be aware that a misconfigured neighbor might erroneously send a massive number of paths, thus consuming a lot of memory. Hence pre-policy filtering such as described in [I-D.sas-idr-maxprefix-inbound] could be used to reduce this exposure.

Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) which provide [RFC7947] Route Servers should be aware that some members could be causing an undue Route Refresh load on the Route Servers and take appropriate administrative and/or technical measures. IXPs using BGP speakers as route servers should ensure that they are not generating excessive route refresh requests.

6. Security Considerations

This document describes a denial of service which Route Origin Validation or other RPKI policy may place on a BGP neighbor, and describes how it may be ameliorated.

Otherwise, this document adds no additional security considerations to those already described by the referenced documents.

7. IANA Considerations

None

8. Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Ben Maddison, Derek Yeung, John Heasley, John Scudder, Matthias Waehlisch, Nick Hilliard, Saku Ytti, and Ties de Kock.

9. References

9.1. Normative References

[RFC2119]
Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC2918]
Chen, E., "Route Refresh Capability for BGP-4", RFC 2918, DOI 10.17487/RFC2918, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2918>.
[RFC4271]
Rekhter, Y., Ed., Li, T., Ed., and S. Hares, Ed., "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, DOI 10.17487/RFC4271, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4271>.
[RFC6811]
Mohapatra, P., Scudder, J., Ward, D., Bush, R., and R. Austein, "BGP Prefix Origin Validation", RFC 6811, DOI 10.17487/RFC6811, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6811>.
[RFC7313]
Patel, K., Chen, E., and B. Venkatachalapathy, "Enhanced Route Refresh Capability for BGP-4", RFC 7313, DOI 10.17487/RFC7313, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7313>.
[RFC8174]
Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8481]
Bush, R., "Clarifications to BGP Origin Validation Based on Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)", RFC 8481, DOI 10.17487/RFC8481, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8481>.

9.2. Informative References

[I-D.ietf-sidrops-8210bis]
Bush, R. and R. Austein, "The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) to Router Protocol, Version 2", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-sidrops-8210bis-10, , <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-sidrops-8210bis-10.txt>.
[I-D.ietf-sidrops-aspa-verification]
Azimov, A., Bogomazov, E., Bush, R., Patel, K., and J. Snijders, "BGP AS_PATH Verification Based on Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Autonomous System Provider Authorization (ASPA) Objects", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-sidrops-aspa-verification-09, , <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-sidrops-aspa-verification-09.txt>.
[I-D.sas-idr-maxprefix-inbound]
Aelmans, M., Stucchi, M., and J. Snijders, "BGP Maximum Prefix Limits Inbound", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-sas-idr-maxprefix-inbound-04, , <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-sas-idr-maxprefix-inbound-04.txt>.
[RFC6480]
Lepinski, M. and S. Kent, "An Infrastructure to Support Secure Internet Routing", RFC 6480, DOI 10.17487/RFC6480, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6480>.
[RFC6482]
Lepinski, M., Kent, S., and D. Kong, "A Profile for Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs)", RFC 6482, DOI 10.17487/RFC6482, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6482>.
[RFC7947]
Jasinska, E., Hilliard, N., Raszuk, R., and N. Bakker, "Internet Exchange BGP Route Server", RFC 7947, DOI 10.17487/RFC7947, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7947>.
[RFC8205]
Lepinski, M., Ed. and K. Sriram, Ed., "BGPsec Protocol Specification", RFC 8205, DOI 10.17487/RFC8205, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8205>.

Authors' Addresses

Randy Bush
IIJ Research Lab & Arrcus, Inc.
1856 SW Edgewood Dr
Portland, Oregon 97210
United States of America
Keyur Patel
Arrcus, Inc.
2077 Gateway Place, Suite #400
San Jose, CA 95119
United States of America
Philip Smith
PFS Internet Development Pty Ltd
PO Box 1908
Milton QLD 4064
Australia
Mark Tinka
SEACOM
Building 7, Design Quarter District, Leslie Avenue, Magaliessig
Fourways, Gauteng
2196
South Africa