Internet-Draft dns-catalog-zones November 2022
van Dijk, et al. Expires 28 May 2023 [Page]
Workgroup:
DNSOP Working Group
Internet-Draft:
draft-ietf-dnsop-dns-catalog-zones-08
Published:
Intended Status:
Standards Track
Expires:
Authors:
P. van Dijk
PowerDNS
L. Peltan
CZ.NIC
O. Sury
Internet Systems Consortium
W. Toorop
NLnet Labs
K. Monshouwer
P. Thomassen
deSEC, SSE - Secure Systems Engineering
A. Sargsyan
Internet Systems Consortium

DNS Catalog Zones

Abstract

This document describes a method for automatic DNS zone provisioning among DNS primary and secondary nameservers by storing and transferring the catalog of zones to be provisioned as one or more regular DNS zones.

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

This Internet-Draft will expire on 28 May 2023.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

The content of a DNS zone is synchronized amongst its primary and secondary nameservers using AXFR and IXFR. However, the list of zones served by the primary (called a catalog in [RFC1035]) is not automatically synchronized with the secondaries. To add or remove a zone, the administrator of a DNS nameserver farm not only has to add or remove the zone from the primary, they must also add/remove configuration for the zone from all secondaries. This can be both inconvenient and error-prone; in addition, the steps required are dependent on the nameserver implementation.

This document describes a method in which the list of zones is represented as a regular DNS zone (called a "catalog zone" here), and transferred using DNS zone transfers. When entries are added to or removed from the catalog zone, it is distributed to the secondary nameservers just like any other zone. Secondary nameservers can then add/remove/modify the zones they serve in accordance with the changes to the catalog zone. Other use-cases of nameserver remote configuration by catalog zones are possible, where the catalog consumer might not be a secondary.

2. Terminology

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

Catalog zone
A DNS zone containing a DNS catalog, that is, a list of DNS zones and associated properties.
Member zone
A DNS zone whose configuration is published inside a catalog zone.
Member node
A DNS name in the Catalog zone representing a Member zone.
$CATZ
Used in examples as a placeholder to represent the domain name of the catalog zone itself. $OLDCATZ and $NEWCATZ are used to discuss migration of a member zone from one catalog zone $OLDCATZ to another catalog zone $NEWCATZ.
Catalog producer
An entity that generates and is responsible for the contents of the catalog zone.
Catalog consumer
An entity that extracts information from the catalog zone (such as a DNS server that configures itself according to the catalog zone's contents).

3. Description

A catalog zone is a DNS zone whose contents are specially crafted. Its records primarily constitute a list of PTR records referencing other DNS zones (so-called "member zones"). The catalog zone may contain other records indicating additional metadata (so-called "properties") associated with these member zones.

Catalog consumers MUST ignore any RR in the catalog zone which is meaningless to or otherwise not supported by the implementation.

Authoritative servers may be pre-configured with multiple catalog zones, each associated with a different set of configurations.

Although the contents of a catalog zone are interpreted and acted upon by nameservers, a catalog zone is a regular DNS zone and so must adhere to the standards for such zones.

A catalog zone is primarily intended for the management of a farm of authoritative nameservers. The content of catalog zones may not be accessible from any recursive nameserver.

4. Catalog Zone Structure

4.1. SOA and NS Records

As with any other DNS zone, a catalog zone MUST have a SOA record and at least one NS record at its apex.

A catalog zone's SOA SERIAL field MUST increase when an update is made to the catalog zone's contents as per serial number arithmetic defined in [RFC1982]. Otherwise, catalog consumers might not notice updates to the catalog zone's contents.

There is no requirement to be able to query the catalog zone via recursive nameservers. However, at least one NS RR is still required so that catalog zone is a syntactically correct DNS zone. A single NS RR with a NSDNAME field containing the absolute name "invalid." is RECOMMENDED [RFC2606][RFC6761].

4.2. Member Zones

The list of member zones is specified as a collection of member nodes, represented by domain names under the owner name "zones" where "zones" is a direct child domain of the catalog zone.

The names of member zones are represented on the RDATA side (instead of as a part of owner names) of a PTR record, so that all valid domain names may be represented regardless of their length [RFC1035]. This PTR record MUST be the only record in the PTR RRset with the same name. The presence of more than one record in the RRset indicates a broken catalog zone which MUST NOT be processed (see Section 5.1).

For example, if a catalog zone lists three zones "example.com.", "example.net." and "example.org.", the member node RRs would appear as follows:

<unique-1>.zones.$CATZ 0 IN PTR example.com.
<unique-2>.zones.$CATZ 0 IN PTR example.net.
<unique-3>.zones.$CATZ 0 IN PTR example.org.

where <unique-N> is a label that tags each record in the collection. <unique-N> has an unique value in the collection. When different <unique-N> labels hold the same PTR value (i.e. point to the same member zone), the catalog zone is broken and MUST NOT be processed (see Section 5.1).

Member node labels carry no informational meaning beyond labeling member zones. A changed label may indicate that the state for a zone needs to be reset (see Section 5.6).

Having the zones uniquely tagged with the <unique-N> label ensures that additional RRs can be added below the member node (see Section 4.3).

The CLASS field of every RR in a catalog zone MUST be IN (1).

As catalog zones are for authoritative nameserver management only and are not intended for general querying via recursive resolvers, the TTL field's value has no meaning in this context and SHOULD be ignored.

4.3. Properties

Catalog zone information is stored in the form of "properties".

Properties are identified by their name, which is used as an owner name prefix for one or more record sets underneath a member node, with type(s) as appropriate for the respective property.

Known properties with the correct RR type, but which are for some reason invalid (for example because of an impossible value or because of an illegal number of RRs in the RRset), denote a broken catalog zone which MUST NOT be processed (see Section 5.1).

This specification defines a number of so-called properties, as well as a mechanism to allow implementers to store additional information in the catalog zone with Custom properties, see Section 4.5. The meaning of such custom properties is determined by the implementation in question.

Some properties are defined at the global level; others are scoped to apply only to a specific member zone. This document defines a single mandatory global property in Section 4.3.1. Member-specific properties are described in Section 4.3.

More properties may be defined in future documents.

4.3.1. Schema Version (version property)

The catalog zone schema version is specified by an integer value embedded in a TXT RR named version.$CATZ. All catalog zones MUST have a TXT RRset named version.$CATZ with exactly one RR.

Catalog consumers MUST NOT apply catalog zone processing to

  • zones without the version property
  • zones with a version property with more than one RR in the RRset
  • zones with a version property without an expected value in the version.$CATZ TXT RR

These conditions signify a broken catalog zone which MUST NOT be processed (see Section 5.1).

For this memo, the value of the version.$CATZ TXT RR MUST be set to "2", i.e.:

version.$CATZ 0 IN TXT "2"

NB: Version 1 was used in a draft version of this memo and reflected the implementation first found in BIND 9.11.

4.4. Member Zone Properties

Each member zone MAY have one or more additional properties, described in this chapter. The member properties described in this document are all optional and implementations MAY choose to implement one, all or none of them. Member zone properties are represented by RRsets below the corresponding member node.

4.4.1. Change of Ownership (coo property)

The coo property facilitates controlled migration of a member zone from one catalog to another.

A Change Of Ownership is signaled by the coo property in the catalog zone currently "owning" the zone. The name of the new catalog is the value of a PTR record in the relevant coo property in the old catalog. For example if member "example.com." will migrate from catalog zone $OLDCATZ to catalog zone $NEWCATZ, this appears in the $OLDCATZ catalog zone as follows:

<unique-N>.zones.$OLDCATZ 0 IN PTR example.com.
coo.<unique-N>.zones.$OLDCATZ 0 IN PTR $NEWCATZ

The PTR RRset MUST consist of a single PTR record. The presence of more than one record in the RRset indicates a broken catalog zone which MUST NOT be processed (see Section 5.1).

When a consumer of a catalog zone $OLDCATZ receives an update which adds or changes a coo property for a member zone in $OLDCATZ, it does not migrate the member zone immediately. The migration has to wait for an update of $NEWCATZ. in which the member zone is present. The consumer MUST verify, before the actual migration, that coo property pointing to $NEWCATZ is still present in $OLDCATZ.

Unless the member node label (i.e. <unique-N>) for the member is the same in $NEWCATZ, all its associated state for a just migrated zone MUST be reset (see Section 5.6). Note that the owner of $OLDCATZ allows for the zone associated state to be taken over by the owner of $NEWCATZ by default. To prevent the takeover of state, the owner of $OLDCATZ must remove this state by updating the associated properties or by performing a zone state reset (see Section 5.6) before or simultaneous with adding the coo property. (see also Section 7)

The old owner may remove the member zone containing the coo property from $OLDCATZ once it has been established that all its consumers have processed the Change of Ownership.

4.4.2. Groups (group property)

With a group property, consumer(s) can be signaled to treat some member zones within the catalog zone differently.

The consumer MAY apply different configuration options when processing member zones, based on the value of the group property. The exact handling of configuration referred to by the group property value is left to the consumer's implementation and configuration. The property is defined by a TXT record in the sub-node labeled group.

The producer MAY assign a group property to all, some, or none of the member zones within a catalog zone. The producer MAY assign more than one group property to one member zone. This will make it possible to transfer group information for different consumer operators in a single catalog zone. Consumer operators SHOULD namespace their group properties to limit risk of clashes.

The consumer MUST ignore group property values it does not understand.

When a consumer sees multiple values in a group property of a single member zone that it does understand, it MAY choose to process multiple, any one or none of them. This is left to the implementation.

4.4.2.1. Example

Group properties are represented by TXT resource records. The record contents (group names) carry no pre-defined meaning, and a registry for them does not exist. Their interpretation is purely a matter of agreement between the producer and the consumer of the catalog.

For example, the "nodnssec" group could be defined to indicate that a zone not be signed with DNSSEC. Conversely, an agreement could define that group names starting with "operator-" indicate in which way a given DNS operator should set up certain aspects of the member zone's DNSSEC configuration.

Assuming that the catalog producer and consumer(s) have established such agreements, consider the following catalog zone (snippet) which signals to consumer(s) how to treat DNSSEC for the zones "example.net." and "example.com.":

<unique-1>.zones.$CATZ        0 IN PTR    example.com.
group.<unique-1>.zones.$CATZ  0 IN TXT    nodnssec
<unique-2>.zones.$CATZ        0 IN PTR    example.net.
group.<unique-2>.zones.$CATZ  0 IN TXT    operator-x-sign-with-nsec3
group.<unique-2>.zones.$CATZ  0 IN TXT    operator-y-nsec3

In this scenario, consumer(s) shall not sign the member zone "example.com." with DNSSEC. For "example.net.", the consumers, at two different operators, shall configure the member zone to be signed with an NSEC3 chain. The group value that indicates that depends on what has been agreed with each operator ("operator-x-sign-with-nsec3" vs. "operator-y-nsec").

4.5. Custom Properties (*.ext properties)

Implementations and operators of catalog zones may choose to provide their own properties. Custom properties can occur both globally, or for a specific member zone. To prevent a name clash with future properties, such properties MUST be represented below the label ext.

ext is not a placeholder. A custom property is named as follows:

; a global custom property:
<property-prefix>.ext.$CATZ

; a member zone custom property:
<property-prefix>.ext.<unique-N>.zones.$CATZ

<property-prefix> may consist of one or more labels.

Implementations SHOULD namespace their custom properties to limit risk of clashes with other implementations of catalog zones. This can be achieved by using two labels as the <property-prefix>, so that the name of the implementation is included in the prefix: <some-setting>.<implementation-name>.ext.$CATZ.

Implementations MAY use such properties on the member zone level to store additional information about member zones, for example to flag them for specific treatment.

Further, implementations MAY use custom properties on the global level to store additional information about the catalog zone itself. While there may be many use cases for this, a plausible one is to store default values for custom properties on the global level, then overriding them using a property of the same name on the member level (= under the ext label of the member node) if so desired. A property agreement between producer and consumer should clearly define what semantics apply, and whether a property is global, member, or both.

The meaning of the custom properties described in this section is determined by the implementation alone, without expectation of interoperability.

5. Nameserver Behavior

5.1. General Requirements

As it is a regular DNS zone, a catalog zone can be transferred using DNS zone transfers among nameservers.

Catalog updates should be automatic, i.e., when a nameserver that supports catalog zones completes a zone transfer for a catalog zone, it SHOULD apply changes to the catalog within the running nameserver automatically without any manual intervention.

Nameservers MAY allow loading and transfer of broken zones with incorrect catalog zone syntax (as they are treated as regular zones). The reason a catalog zone is considered broken SHOULD be communicated clearly to the operator (e.g. through a log message).

When a previously correct catalog zone becomes a broken catalog zone, because of an update through an incremental transfer or otherwise, it loses its catalog meaning. No special processing occurs. Member zones previously configured by this catalog MUST NOT be removed or reconfigured in any way.

If a name server restarts with a broken catalog zone, the broken catalog SHOULD NOT prevent the name server from starting up and serving the member zones in the last valid version of the catalog zone.

Processing of a broken catalog SHALL start (or resume) when the catalog turns into a correct catalog zone, for example by an additional update (through zone transfer or updates) fixing the catalog zone.

Similarly, when a catalog zone expires, it loses its catalog meaning and MUST no longer be processed as such. No special processing occurs until the zone becomes fresh again.

5.2. Member zone name clash

If there is a clash between an existing zone's name (either from an existing member zone or otherwise configured zone) and an incoming member zone's name (via transfer or update), the new instance of the zone MUST be ignored and an error SHOULD be logged.

A clash between an existing member zone's name and an incoming member zone's name (via transfer or update), may be an attempt to migrate a zone to a different catalog, but should not be treated as one except as described in Section 4.4.1.

5.3. Member zone removal

When a member zone is removed from a specific catalog zone, an authoritative server MUST NOT remove the zone and associated state data if the zone was not configured from that specific catalog zone. Only when the zone was configured from a specific catalog zone, and the zone is removed as a member from that specific catalog zone, the zone and associated state (such as zone data and DNSSEC keys) MUST be removed.

5.4. Member node name change

When via a single update or transfer, the member node's label value (<unique-N>) changes, catalog consumers MUST process this as a member zone removal including all the zone's associated state (as described in Section 5.3), immediately followed by processing the member as a newly to be configured zone in the same catalog.

5.5. Migrating member zones between catalogs

If all consumers of the catalog zones involved support the coo property, it is RECOMMENDED to perform migration of a member zone by following the procedure described in Section 4.4.1. Otherwise a migration of a member zone from a catalog zone $OLDCATZ to a catalog zone $NEWCATZ has to be done by: first removing the member zone from $OLDCATZ; second adding the member zone to $NEWCATZ.

If in the process of a migration some consumers of the involved catalog zones did not catch the removal of the member zone from $OLDCATZ yet (because of a lost packet or down time or otherwise), but did already see the update of $NEWCATZ, they may consider the update adding the member zone in $NEWCATZ to be a name clash (see Section 5.2) and as a consequence the member is not migrated to $NEWCATZ. This possibility needs to be anticipated with a member zone migration. Recovery from such a situation is out of the scope of this document. It may for example entail a manually forced retransfer of $NEWCATZ to consumers after they have been detected to have received and processed the removal of the member zone from $OLDCATZ.

5.6. Zone-associated state reset

It may be desirable to reset state (such as zone data and DNSSEC keys) associated with a member zone.

A zone state reset may be performed by a change of the member node's name (see Section 5.4).

6. Implementation and operational Notes

Although any valid domain name can be used for the catalog name $CATZ, a catalog producer MUST NOT use names that are not under the control of the catalog producer. It is RECOMMENDED to use either a domain name owned by the catalog producer, or to use a name under a suitable name such as "invalid." [RFC6761].

Catalog zones on secondary nameservers would have to be set up manually, perhaps as static configuration, similar to how ordinary DNS zones are configured when catalog zones or another automatic configuration mechanism is not in place. The secondary additionally needs to be configured as a catalog consumer for the catalog zone to enable processing of the member zones in the catalog, such as automatic synchronization of the member zones for secondary service.

Operators of catalog consumers should note that secondary name servers may receive DNS NOTIFY messages [RFC1996] for zones before they are seen as newly added member zones to the catalog from which that secondary is provisioned.

Although they are regular DNS zones, catalog zones contain only information for the management of a set of authoritative nameservers. For this reason, operators may want to limit the systems able to query these zones.

Querying/serving catalog zone contents may be inconvenient via DNS due to the nature of their representation. An administrator may therefore want to use a different method for looking at data inside the catalog zone. Typical queries might include dumping the list of member zones, dumping a member zone's effective configuration, querying a specific property value of a member zone, etc. Because of the structure of catalog zones, it may not be possible to perform these queries intuitively, or in some cases, at all, using DNS QUERY. For example, it is not possible to enumerate the contents of a multi-valued property (such as the list of member zones) with a single QUERY. Implementations are therefore advised to provide a tool that uses either the output of AXFR or an out-of-band method to perform queries on catalog zones.

Great power comes with great responsibility: Catalog zones simplify zone provisioning by orchestrating zones on secondary name servers from a single data source - the catalog. Hence, the catalog producer has great power and changes must be treated carefully. For example if the catalog is generated by some script and this script for whatever reason generates an empty catalog, millions of member zones may get deleted from their secondaries within seconds and all the affected domains may be offline in a blink.

7. Security Considerations

As catalog zones are transmitted using DNS zone transfers, it is RECOMMENDED that catalog zone transfer are protected from unexpected modifications by way of authentication, for example by using TSIG [RFC8945], or Strict or Mutual TLS authentication with DNS Zone transfer over TLS or QUIC [RFC9103].

Use of DNS UPDATE [RFC2136] to modify the content of catalog zones SHOULD similarly be authenticated.

Zone transfers of member zones SHOULD similarly be authenticated. TSIG shared secrets used for member zones SHOULD NOT be mentioned in the catalog zone data. However, key identifiers may be shared within catalog zones.

Catalog zones reveal the zones served by the consumers of the catalog zone. It is RECOMMENDED to limit the systems able to query these zones. It is RECOMMENDED to transfer catalog zones confidentially [RFC9103].

As with regular zones, primary and secondary nameservers for a catalog zone may be operated by different administrators. The secondary nameservers may be configured as a catalog consumer to synchronize catalog zones from the primary, but the primary's administrators may not have any administrative access to the secondaries.

Administrative control over what zones are served from the configured name servers shifts completely from the server operator (consumer) to the "owner" (producer) of the catalog zone content. To prevent unintended provisioning of zones, consumer(s) MAY scope the set of admissible member zones by any means deemed suitable (such as statically, via regular expressions, or dynamically, by verifying against another database before accepting a member zone).

With migration of member zones between catalogs using the coo property, it is possible for the owner of the target catalog (i.e. $NEWCATZ) to take over all its associated state with the zone from the original owner (i.e. $OLDCATZ) by maintaining the same member node label (i.e. <unique-N>). To prevent the takeover of the zone associated state, the original owner has to enforce a zone state reset by changing the member node label (see Section 5.6) before or simultaneously with adding the coo property.

8. Acknowledgements

Our deepest thanks and appreciation go to Stephen Morris, Ray Bellis and Witold Krecicki who initiated this draft and did the bulk of the work.

Catalog zones originated as the chosen method among various proposals that were evaluated at ISC for easy zone management. The chosen method of storing the catalog as a regular DNS zone was proposed by Stephen Morris.

The initial authors discovered that Paul Vixie's earlier [Metazones] proposal implemented a similar approach and reviewed it. Catalog zones borrow some syntax ideas from Metazones, as both share this scheme of representing the catalog as a regular DNS zone.

Thanks to Leo Vandewoestijne. Leo's presentation in the DNS devroom at the FOSDEM'20 [FOSDEM20] was one of the motivations to take up and continue the effort of standardizing catalog zones.

Thanks to Brian Conry, Klaus Darilion, Brian Dickson, Tony Finch, Evan Hunt, Shane Kerr, Warren Kumari, Patrik Lundin, Matthijs Mekking, Victoria Risk, Josh Soref, Petr Spacek, Michael StJohns, Carsten Strotmann and Tim Wicinski for reviewing draft proposals and offering comments and suggestions.

9. Normative References

[RFC1035]
Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, DOI 10.17487/RFC1035, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1035>.
[RFC1982]
Elz, R. and R. Bush, "Serial Number Arithmetic", RFC 1982, DOI 10.17487/RFC1982, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1982>.
[RFC1996]
Vixie, P., "A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes (DNS NOTIFY)", RFC 1996, DOI 10.17487/RFC1996, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1996>.
[RFC2119]
Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC2136]
Vixie, P., Ed., Thomson, S., Rekhter, Y., and J. Bound, "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)", RFC 2136, DOI 10.17487/RFC2136, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2136>.
[RFC2606]
Eastlake 3rd, D. and A. Panitz, "Reserved Top Level DNS Names", BCP 32, RFC 2606, DOI 10.17487/RFC2606, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2606>.
[RFC6761]
Cheshire, S. and M. Krochmal, "Special-Use Domain Names", RFC 6761, DOI 10.17487/RFC6761, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6761>.
[RFC8174]
Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8945]
Dupont, F., Morris, S., Vixie, P., Eastlake 3rd, D., Gudmundsson, O., and B. Wellington, "Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS (TSIG)", STD 93, RFC 8945, DOI 10.17487/RFC8945, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8945>.
[RFC9103]
Toorop, W., Dickinson, S., Sahib, S., Aras, P., and A. Mankin, "DNS Zone Transfer over TLS", RFC 9103, DOI 10.17487/RFC9103, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9103>.

10. Informative References

[FOSDEM20]
Vandewoestijne, L., "Extending Catalog zones - another approach in automating maintenance", , <https://archive.fosdem.org/2020/schedule/event/dns_catz/>.
[Metazones]
Vixie, P., "Federated Domain Name Service Using DNS Metazones", , <http://family.redbarn.org/~vixie/mz.pdf>.

Appendix A. Implementation Status

Note to the RFC Editor: please remove this entire appendix before publication.

In the following implementation status descriptions, "DNS Catalog Zones" refers to DNS Catalog Zones as described in this document.

Interoperability between the above implementations has been tested during the hackathon at the IETF-109.

Appendix B. Change History

Note to the RFC Editor: please remove this entire appendix before publication.

Initial public draft.

Added Witold, Ray as authors. Fixed typos, consistency issues. Fixed references. Updated Area. Removed newly introduced custom RR TYPEs. Changed schema version to 1. Changed TSIG requirement from MUST to SHOULD. Removed restrictive language about use of DNS QUERY. When zones are introduced into a catalog zone, a primary SHOULD first make the new zones available for transfers first (instead of MUST). Updated examples, esp. use IPv6 in examples per Fred Baker. Add catalog zone example.

Addressed some review comments by Patrik Lundin.

Revision bump.

Reordering of sections into more logical order. Separation of multi-valued properties into their own category.

New authors to pickup the editor pen on this draft

Remove data type definitions for zone properties Removing configuration of member zones through zone properties altogether

Remove Open issues and discussion Appendix, which was about zone options (including primary/secondary relationships) only.

Added a new section "The Serial Property", introducing a new mechanism which can help with disseminating zones from the primary to the secondary nameservers in a timely fashion more reliably.

Three different ways to provide a "serial" property with a member zone are offered to or the workgroup for discussion.

Added a new section "Implementation Status", listing production ready, upcoming and Proof of Concept implementations, and reporting on interoperability of the different implementations.

Adding the coo property for zone migration in a controlled fashion

Adding the group property for reconfigure settings of member zones in an atomic update

Adding the epoch property to reset zone associated state in a controlled fashion

Big cleanup!

Introducing the terms catalog consumer and catalog producer

Reorganized topics to create a more coherent whole

Properties all have consistent format now

Try to assume the least possible from implementations w.r.t.:

1) Predictability of the <unique-N> IDs of member zones

2) Whether or not fallback catalog zones can be found for a member

3) Whether or not a catalog consumer can maintain state

Move Implementation status to appendix

Miscellaneous textual improvements

coo property points to $NEWCATZ (and not zones.$NEWCATZ)

Remove suggestion to increase serial and remove member zone from $OLDCATZ after migration

More consistent usage of the terms catalog consumer and catalog producer throughout the document

Better (safer) description of resetting refresh timers of member zones with the serial property

Removing a member MUST remove zone associated state

Make authentication requirements a bit less prescriptive in security considerations

Updated implementation status for KnotDNS

Describe member node name changes and update "Zone associated state reset" to use that as the mechanism for it.

Add Peter Thomassen as co-author

Complete removal of the epoch property. We consider consumer optimizations with predictable member node labels (for example based on a hash) out of the scope of this document.

Miscellaneous editorial improvements

Add Kees Monshouwer as co-author

Removed the "serial" property

Allow custom properties on the global level

Move administrative control explanation to Security Considerations

Move comment on query methods to Implementation Notes

Clarify what happens on expiry

Clarify catalog consumer behavior when MUST condition is violated

Better text on ordering of operations for Change of Ownership

Suggest to namespace custom properties

Clarify how to handle property record with wrong type

Cover the case of multiple different <unique-N>'s having the same value

Recommendations for naming catalog zones

Add and operational note about notifies for not yet existing zones

Add text about name server restarts with broken zones

Great power comes with great responsibility (Thanks Klaus!)

Mention the new BIND implementation

All invalid properties cause a broken catalog zone, including invalid group and version properties.

Add Aram Sargsyan as author (he did the BIND9 implementation)

group properties can have more than one value

Some spelling fixes from Tim Wicinski and Josh Soref

Replace SHOULDs with MUSTs for ignoring things that are meaningless to a catalog consumer (Thanks Michael StJohns)

Update the list of people to thank in the Acknowledgements section

Mention PowerDNS support of catalog zones from version 4.7.0 onwards

Address AD Review comments (editorial only)

When DoT is mentioned, also mention now-standardized DoQ

Authors' Addresses

Peter van Dijk
PowerDNS
Den Haag
Netherlands
Libor Peltan
CZ.NIC
Czechia
Ondrej Sury
Internet Systems Consortium
Czechia
Willem Toorop
NLnet Labs
Science Park 400
1098 XH Amsterdam
Netherlands
Kees Monshouwer
Netherlands
Peter Thomassen
deSEC, SSE - Secure Systems Engineering
Berlin
Germany
Aram Sargsyan
Internet Systems Consortium