Network Working Group S. Raza Internet-Draft J. Hoeglund Intended status: Standards Track RISE AB Expires: October 30, 2021 G. Selander J. Mattsson Ericsson AB M. Furuhed Nexus Group April 28, 2021 CBOR Encoded X.509 Certificates (C509 Certificates) draft-ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert-00 Abstract This document specifies a CBOR encoding of X.509 certificates. The resulting certificates are called C509 Certificates. The CBOR encoding supports a large subset of RFC 5280 and significantly reduces the size of certificates compatible with e.g. RFC 7925, IEEE 802.1AR (DevID), CNSA, and CA/Browser Forum Baseline Requirements. When used to re-encode DER encoded X.509 certificates, the CBOR encoding can in many cases reduce the size of RFC 7925 profiled certificates with over 50%. The CBOR encoded structure can alternatively be signed directly ("natively signed"), which does not require re-encoding for the signature to be verified. The document also specifies COSE headers as well as a TLS certificate type for C509 certificates. NOTE: "C509" is a placeholder, name to be decided by the COSE WG. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on October 30, 2021. Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 1] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. CBOR Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1. Message Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2. Encoding of subjectPublicKey and issuerSingatureValue . . 8 3.3. Encoding of Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4. Compliance Requirements for Constrained IoT . . . . . . . . . 11 5. Legacy Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6. Expected Certificate Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8.1. C509 Certificate Types Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8.2. C509 Certificate Attributes Registry . . . . . . . . . . 13 8.3. C509 Certificate Extensions Registry . . . . . . . . . . 16 8.4. C509 Certificate Extended Key Usages Registry . . . . . . 18 8.5. C509 Certificate General Names Registry . . . . . . . . . 19 8.6. C509 Certificate Signature Algorithms Registry . . . . . 20 8.7. C509 Certificate Public Key Algorithms Registry . . . . . 23 8.8. COSE Header Parameters Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8.9. TLS Certificate Types Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.10. CBOR Tags Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Appendix A. Example C509 Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 A.1. Example RFC 7925 profiled X.509 Certificate . . . . . . . 30 A.2. Example IEEE 802.1AR profiled X.509 Certificate . . . . . 34 A.3. Example CAB Baseline ECDSA HTTPS X.509 Certificate . . . 34 A.4. Example CAB Baseline RSA HTTPS X.509 Certificate . . . . 36 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 2] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 1. Introduction One of the challenges with deploying a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) for the Internet of Things (IoT) is the size and parsing of X.509 public key certificates [RFC5280], since those are not optimized for constrained environments [RFC7228]. Large certificate chains are also problematic in non-constrained protocols such as EAP- TLS [I-D.ietf-emu-eap-tls13] [I-D.ietf-emu-eaptlscert] where authenticators typically drop an EAP session after only 40 - 50 round-trips and QUIC [I-D.ietf-quic-transport] where the latency increases significantly unless the server only send less than three times as many bytes as received prior to validating the client address. More compact certificate representations are therefore desirable in many use cases. Due to the current PKI usage of DER encoded X.509 certificates, keeping compatibility with DER encoded X.509 is necessary at least for a transition period. However, the use of a more compact encoding with the Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) [RFC8949] reduces the certificate size significantly which has known performance benefits in terms of decreased communication overhead, power consumption, latency, storage, etc. CBOR is a data format designed for small code size and small message size. CBOR builds on the JSON data model but extends it by e.g. encoding binary data directly without base64 conversion. In addition to the binary CBOR encoding, CBOR also has a diagnostic notation that is readable and editable by humans. The Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL) [RFC8610] provides a way to express structures for protocol messages and APIs that use CBOR. [RFC8610] also extends the diagnostic notation. CBOR data items are encoded to or decoded from byte strings using a type-length-value encoding scheme, where the three highest order bits of the initial byte contain information about the major type. CBOR supports several different types of data items, in addition to integers (int, uint), simple values (e.g. null), byte strings (bstr), and text strings (tstr), CBOR also supports arrays [] of data items, maps {} of pairs of data items, and sequences of data items. For a complete specification and examples, see [RFC8949], [RFC8610], and [RFC8742]. CAB Baseline Requirements [CAB-Baseline], RFC 7925 [RFC7925], IEEE 802.1AR [IEEE-802.1AR], and CNSA [RFC8603] specify certificate profiles which can be applied to certificate based authentication with, e.g., TLS [RFC8446], QUIC [I-D.ietf-quic-transport], DTLS [I-D.ietf-tls-dtls13], COSE [RFC8152], EDHOC [I-D.ietf-lake-edhoc], or Compact TLS 1.3 [I-D.ietf-tls-ctls]. RFC 7925 [RFC7925], RFC7925bis [I-D.ietf-uta-tls13-iot-profile], and IEEE 802.1AR Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 3] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 [IEEE-802.1AR] specifically target Internet of Things deployments. This document specifies a CBOR encoding based on [X.509-IoT], which can support large parts of [RFC5280]. The encoding support all [RFC7925] and IEEE 802.1AR [IEEE-802.1AR] and CAB Baseline [CAB-Baseline] profiled X.509 certificates. The resulting certificates are called C509 Certificates. Two variants are defined using the same CBOR encoding and differing only in what is being signed: 1. An invertible CBOR re-encoding of DER encoded X.509 certificates [RFC5280], which can be reversed to obtain the original DER encoded X.509 certificate. 2. Natively signed C509 certificates, where the signature is calculated over the CBOR encoding instead of over the DER encoding as in 1. This removes the need for ASN.1 and DER parsing and the associated complexity but they are not backwards compatible with implementations requiring DER encoded X.509. Natively signed C509 certificates can be applied in devices that are only required to authenticate to natively signed C509 certificate compatible servers, which is not a major restriction for many IoT deployments where the parties issuing and verifying certificates can be a restricted ecosystem. This document specifies COSE headers for use of the C509 certificates with COSE, see Section 8.8. The document also specifies a TLS certificate type for use of the C509 certificates with TLS and QUIC (with or without additional TLS certificate compression), see Section 8.9. 2. Notational Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. This specification makes use of the terminology in [RFC5280], [RFC7228], [RFC8610], and [RFC8949]. When referring to CBOR, this specification always refer to Deterministically Encoded CBOR as specified in Sections 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 of [RFC8949]. Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 4] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 3. CBOR Encoding This section specifies the content and encoding for C509 certificates, with the overall objective to produce a very compact representation supporting large parts of [RFC5280], and everything in [RFC7925], [IEEE-802.1AR], and CAB Baseline [CAB-Baseline]. In the CBOR encoding, static fields are elided, elliptic curve points and time values are compressed, OID are replaced with short integers, and redundant encoding is removed. Combining these different components reduces the certificate size significantly, which is not possible with general purpose compression algorithms, see Figure 2. The C509 certificate can be either a CBOR re-encoding of a DER encoded X.509 certificate, in which case the signature is calculated on the DER encoded ASN.1 data in the X.509 certificate, or a natively signed C509 certificate, in which case the signature is calculated directly on the CBOR encoded data. In both cases the certificate content is adhering to the restrictions given by [RFC5280]. The re- encoding is known to work with DER encoded certificates but might work with other canonical encodings. The re-encoding does not work for BER encoded certificates. In the encoding described below, the order of elements in arrays are always encoded in the same order as the elements or the corresponding SEQUENCE or SET in the DER encoding. 3.1. Message Fields The X.509 fields and their CBOR encodings are listed below, and used in the definition of C509 certificates, see Figure 1. C509 certificates are defined in terms of DER encoded [RFC5280] X.509 certificates: o version. The 'version' field is encoded in the 'cborCertificateType' CBOR int. The field 'cborCertificateType' also indicates the type of the C509 certificate. Currently, the type can be a natively signed C509 certificate following X.509 v3 (cborCertificateType = 0) or a CBOR re-encoded X.509 v3 DER certificate (cborCertificateType = 1), see Section 8.1. o serialNumber. The 'serialNumber' INTEGER value field is encoded as the unwrapped CBOR unsigned bignum (~biguint) 'certificateSerialNumber'. Any leading 0x00 byte (to indicate that the number is not negative) is therefore omitted. Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 5] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 o signature. The 'signature' field is always the same as the 'signatureAlgorithm' field and therefore omitted from the CBOR encoding. o issuer. In the general case, the sequence of 'RelativeDistinguishedName' is encoded as a CBOR array of CBOR arrays of Attributes. Typically each RelativeDistinguishedName only contains a single attribute and the sequence is then encoded as a CBOR array of Attributes. Each Attribute is encoded as a (CBOR int, CBOR text string) pair or as a (unwrapped CBOR OID, CBOR bytes) pair. The absolute value of the CBOR int (see Figure 4) encodes the attribute type and the sign is used to represent the character string type; positive for Utf8String, negative for PrintableString. In natively signed C509 certificates all text strings are UTF-8 encoded and all attributes SHALL have a positive sign. Text strings SHALL still adhere to any X.509 restrictions, i.e. serialNumber SHALL only contain the 74 character subset of ASCII allowed by PrintableString and countryName SHALL have length 2. The string types teletexString, universalString, and bmpString are not supported. If Name contains a single Attribute containing an utf8String encoded 'common name' it is encoded as a CBOR text string. If the text string contains an EUI-64 of the form "HH-HH-HH-HH-HH-HH-HH-HH" where 'H' is one of the symbol '0'-'9' or 'A'-'F' it is encoded as a CBOR byte string of length 8 instead. EUI-64 mapped from a 48-bit MAC address (i.e. of the form "HH-HH-HH-FF-FE-HH-HH-HH) is encoded as a CBOR byte string of length 6. o validity. The 'notBefore' and 'notAfter' fields are encoded as unwrapped CBOR epoch-based date/time (~time) where the tag content is an unsigned integer. In POSIX time, leap seconds are ignored, with a leap second having the same POSIX time as the second before it. Compression of X.509 certificates with the time 23:59:60 UTC is therefore not supported. Note that RFC 5280 mandates encoding of dates through the year 2049 as UTCTime, and later dates as GeneralizedTime. The value "99991231235959Z" (no expiration date) is encoded as CBOR null. o subject. The 'subject' is encoded exactly like issuer. o subjectPublicKeyInfo. The 'AlgorithmIdentifier' field including parameters is encoded as the CBOR int 'subjectPublicKeyAlgorithm' (see Section 8.7) or as an array with an unwrapped CBOR OID tag [I-D.ietf-cbor-tags-oid] optionally followed by the parameters encoded as a CBOR byte string. In general, the 'subjectPublicKey' BIT STRING value field is encoded as a CBOR byte string. This specification assumes the BIT STRING has zero unused bits and the unused bits byte is omitted. For rsaEncryption and id- Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 6] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 ecPublicKey, the encoding of subjectPublicKey is further optimized as described in Section 3.2. o issuerUniqueID. Not supported. o subjectUniqueID. Not supported. o extensions. The 'extensions' field is encoded as a CBOR array where each extension is encoded as either a CBOR int (see Section 8.3) followed by an optional CBOR item of any type or an unwrapped CBOR OID tag [I-D.ietf-cbor-tags-oid] followed by a CBOR bool encoding 'critical' and the DER encoded value of the 'extnValue' encoded as a CBOR byte string. If the array contains exactly two ints and the absolute value of the first int is 2, the array is omitted and the extensions is encoded as a single CBOR int with the absolute value of the second int and the sign of the first int. Extensions are encoded as specified in Section 3.3. The extensions mandated to be supported by [RFC7925] and [IEEE-802.1AR] are given special treatment. An omitted 'extensions' field is encoded as an empty CBOR array. o signatureAlgorithm. The 'signatureAlgorithm' field including parameters is encoded as a CBOR int (see Section 8.6) or as an array with an unwrapped CBOR OID tag [I-D.ietf-cbor-tags-oid] optionally followed by the parameters encoded as a CBOR byte string. o signatureValue. In general, the 'signatureValue' BIT STRING value field is encoded as the CBOR byte string issuerSignatureValue. This specification assumes the BIT STRING has zero unused bits and the unused bits byte is omitted. For natively signed C509 certificates the signatureValue is calculated over the CBOR sequence TBSCertificate. For ECDSA, the encoding of issuerSignatureValue is further optimized as described in Section 3.2 The following Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL) defines CBORCertificate and TBSCertificate, which are encoded as CBOR Sequences [RFC8742]. The member names therefore only have documentary value. Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 7] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 ; The elements of the following group are to be used in a CBOR Sequence: CBORCertificate = ( TBSCertificate, issuerSignatureValue : any, ) TBSCertificate = ( cborCertificateType: int, certificateSerialNumber: CertificateSerialNumber, issuer: Name, validityNotBefore: Time, validityNotAfter: Time, subject: Name, subjectPublicKeyAlgorithm: AlgorithmIdentifier, subjectPublicKey: any, extensions: Extensions, issuerSignatureAlgorithm: AlgorithmIdentifier, ) CertificateSerialNumber = ~biguint Name = [ * RelativeDistinguishedName ] / text / bytes RelativeDistinguishedName = Attribute / [ 2* Attribute ] Attribute = ( attributeType: int, attributeValue: text ) // ( attributeType: ~oid, attributeValue: bytes ) Time = ~time / null AlgorithmIdentifier = int / [ algorithm: ~oid, ? parameters: bytes ] Extensions = [ * Extension ] / int Extension = ( extensionID: int, extensionValue: any ) // ( extensionID: ~oid, critical: bool, extensionValue: bytes ) ) Figure 1: CDDL for CBORCertificate. 3.2. Encoding of subjectPublicKey and issuerSingatureValue 3.2.1. Encoding of subjectPublicKey For RSA public keys (rsaEncryption), the SEQUENCE and INTEGER type and length fields are omitted and the two INTEGER value fields (modulus, exponent) are encoded as an array of two unwrapped CBOR unsigned bignum (~biguint), i.e. [ modulus : ~biguint, exponent : Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 8] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 ~biguint ]. If the exponent is 65537, the array and the exponent is omitted and subjectPublicKey consist of only the modulus encoded as an unwrapped CBOR unsigned bignum (~biguint). For elliptic curve public keys in Weierstrass form (id-ecPublicKey), uncompressed keys are point compressed as defined in Section 2.3.3 of [SECG]. If a DER encoded certificate with a point compressed public key of type id-ecPublicKey is CBOR encoded, the octets 0xfe and 0xfd are used instead of 0x02 and 0x03 in the CBOR encoding to represent even and odd y-coordinate, respectively. 3.2.2. Encoding of issuerSingatureValue For ECDSA signatures, the SEQUENCE and INTEGER type and length fields as well as the any leading 0x00 byte (to indicate that the number is not negative) are omitted. If the two INTEGER value fields have different lengths, the shortest INTEGER value field is padded with zeroes so that the two fields have the same length. The resulting byte string is encoded as a CBOR byte string. 3.3. Encoding of Extensions This section details the encoding of the 'extensions' field. The 'extensions' field is encoded as a CBOR array where each extensionID is encoded as either a CBOR int or a CBOR OID tag. If 'extensionID' is encoded an int (see Section 8.3),the sign is used to encode if the extension is critical and the 'critical' field is omitted. Critical extensions are encoded with a positive sign and non-critical extensions are encoded with a negative sign. The 'extnValue' OCTET STREAM value field is encoded as the CBOR byte string 'extensionValue' except for the extensions specified below. The 'extensionValue' for the extensions mandated to be supported by [RFC7925], [IEEE-802.1AR], and [CAB-Baseline] are encoded as follows: o keyUsage. The 'KeyUsage' BIT STRING is interpreted as an unsigned integer n in network byte order and encoded as a CBOR int. o subjectAltName. extensionValue is encoded as an array of (int, any) pairs where each pair encodes a general name (see Section 8.5). If subjectAltName contains exactly one dNSName, the array and the int are omitted and extensionValue is the dNSName encoded as a CBOR text string. In addition to the general names defined in [RFC5280], the hardwareModuleName type of otherName has been given its own int due to its mandatory use in IEEE 802.1AR. When 'otherName + hardwareModuleName' is used, then [ oid, bytes ] is used to identify the pair ( hwType, hwSerialEntries ) directly as specified in [RFC4108]. Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 9] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 GeneralNames = [ + GeneralName ] / text GeneralName = ( GeneralNameType : int, GeneralNameValue : any ) o basicConstraints. If 'cA' = false then extensionValue = -2, if 'cA' = true and 'pathLenConstraint' is not present then extensionValue = -1, and if 'cA' = true and 'pathLenConstraint' is present then extensionValue = pathLenConstraint. o extKeyUsage. extensionValue is encoded as an array of CBOR ints (see Section 8.4) or unwrapped CBOR OID tags [I-D.ietf-cbor-tags-oid] where each int or OID tag encodes a key usage purpose. If the array contains a single int, the array is omitted. ExtValueEKU = [ + int / ~oid ] / int o subjectKeyIdentifier. extensionValue is the value of the 'keyIdentifier' field encoded as a CBOR byte string. o authorityKeyIdentifier. extensionValue is encoded as an array where the value of the 'keyIdentifier' is encoded as a CBOR byte string, 'GeneralNames' is encoded like in subjectAltName, and 'AuthorityCertSerialNumber' is encoded as ~biguint exactly like certificateSerialNumber. Omitted values are encoded as CBOR null. ExtValueAKI = [ keyIdentifier: bytes / null, certIssuer: GeneralNames / null, certSerialNumber: CertificateSerialNumber / null ] / bytes o cRLDistributionPoints. If the cRLDistributionPoints is a sequence of DistributionPointName, it is encoded like subjectAltName, with the difference that if cRLDistributionPoints contains exactly one uniformResourceIdentifier, the array and the int are omitted and extensionValue is the uniformResourceIdentifier encoded as a CBOR text string. o authorityInfoAccess. If authorityInfoAccess consist of only uniformResourceIdentifiers it is encoded as an array of uris. ExtValueAIA = [ + ( ocsp : 1 // caIssuers : 2 , uri : text ) ] 3.3.1. Example Encoding of Extensions The examples below use values from Section 8.3, Section 8.4, and Section 8.5: Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 10] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 o A critical basicConstraints ('cA' = true) without pathLenConstraint is encoded as the two CBOR ints -1, -1. o A non-critical keyUsage with digitalSignature and keyAgreement asserted is encoded as the two CBOR ints 2, 17 (2^0 + 2^4 = 17). o A non-critical extKeyUsage containing id-kp-codeSigning and id-kp- OCSPSigning is encoded as the CBOR int 3 followed by the CBOR array [ 3, 6 ]. o A non-critical subjectAltName containing only the dNSName example.com is encoded as the CBOR int 4 followed by the CBOR text string "example.com". Thus, the extension field of a certificate containing all of the above extensions in the given order would be encoded as the CBOR array [ -1, -1, 2, 17, 3, [ 3, 6 ], 4, "example.com" ]. 4. Compliance Requirements for Constrained IoT For general purpose applications, the normative requirements of [RFC5280] applies. This section describes the mandatory to implement algorithms and OIDs for constrained IoT application; the values of the OIDs including certificate fields and extensions, time format, attributes in distinguished names, etc. TODO: Write this section 5. Legacy Considerations C509 certificates can be deployed with legacy X.509 certificates and CA infrastructure. In order to verify the signature, the C509 certificate is used to recreate the original X.509 data structure to be able to verify the signature. For protocols like TLS/DTLS 1.2, where the handshake is sent unencrypted, the actual encoding and compression can be done at different locations depending on the deployment setting. For example, the mapping between C509 certificate and standard X.509 certificate can take place in a 6LoWPAN border gateway which allows the server side to stay unmodified. This case gives the advantage of the low overhead of a C509 certificate over a constrained wireless links. The conversion to X.509 within an IoT device will incur a computational overhead, however, measured in energy this is likely to be negligible compared to the reduced communication overhead. For the setting with constrained server and server-only authentication, the server only needs to be provisioned with the C509 Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 11] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 certificate and does not perform the conversion to X.509. This option is viable when client authentication can be asserted by other means. For protocols like IKEv2, TLS/DTLS 1.3, and EDHOC, where certificates are encrypted, the proposed encoding needs to be done fully end-to- end, through adding the encoding/decoding functionality to the server. 6. Expected Certificate Sizes The CBOR encoding of the sample certificate given in Appendix A results in the numbers shown in Figure 2. After [RFC7925] profiling, most duplicated information has been removed, and the remaining text strings are minimal in size. Therefore, the further size reduction reached with general compression mechanisms will be small, mainly corresponding to making the ASN.1 encoding more compact. For Brtoli [RFC7932], the brotli command line tool 1.09 was used with the default best compression level. +------------------+--------------+------------+--------------------+ | | RFC 7925 | Brotli | C509 Certificate | +------------------+---------------------------+--------------------+ | Certificate Size | 314 | 303 | 138 | +------------------+--------------+------------+--------------------+ Figure 2: Comparing Sizes of Certificates (bytes) 7. Security Considerations The CBOR profiling of X.509 certificates does not change the security assumptions needed when deploying standard X.509 certificates but decreases the number of fields transmitted, which reduces the risk for implementation errors. The use of natively signed C509 certificates removes the need for ASN.1 encoding, which is a rich source of security vulnerabilities. Conversion between the certificate formats can be made in constant time to reduce risk of information leakage through side channels. The mechanism in this draft does not reveal any additional information compared to X.509. Because of difference in size, it will be possible to detect that this profile is used. The gateway solution described in Section 5 requires unencrypted certificates and is not recommended. Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 12] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 8. IANA Considerations This document creates several new registries under the new heading "C509 Certificate". For all items, the 'Reference' field points to this document. The expert reviewers for the registries defined in this document are expected to ensure that the usage solves a valid use case that could not be solved better in a different way, that it is not going to duplicate one that is already registered, and that the registered point is likely to be used in deployments. They are furthermore expected to check the clarity of purpose and use of the requested code points. Experts should take into account the expected usage of entries when approving point assignment, and the length of the encoded value should be weighed against the number of code points left that encode to that size and how constrained the systems it will be used on are. Values in the interval [-24, 23] have a 1 byte encodings, other values in the interval [-256, 255] have a 2 byte encodings, and the remaining values in the interval [-65536, 65535] have 3 byte encodings. 8.1. C509 Certificate Types Registry IANA has created a new registry titled "C509 Certificate Types" under the new heading "C509 Certificate". The columns of the registry are Value, Description, and Reference, where Value is an integer, and the other columns are text strings. For values in the interval [-24, 23] the registration procedure is "IETF Review" and "Expert Review". For all other values the registration procedure is "Expert Review". The initial contents of the registry are: +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Value | Description | +=======+===========================================================+ | 0 | Natively Signed C509 Certificate following X.509 v3 | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 | CBOR re-encoding of X.509 v3 Certificate | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 3: C509 Certificate Types 8.2. C509 Certificate Attributes Registry IANA has created a new registry titled "C509 Certificate Attributes" under the new heading "C509 Certificate". The columns of the registry are Value, Name, OID, DER, Comments, and Reference, where Value is an integer, and the other columns are text strings. Only non-negative values can be registered. For values in the interval Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 13] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 [0, 23] the registration procedure is "IETF Review" and "Expert Review". For all other values the registration procedure is "Expert Review". The initial contents of the registry are: +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Value | Attribute | +=======+===========================================================+ | 1 | Name: Common Name | | | OID: 2.5.4.3 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 03 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 2 | Name: Surname | | | OID: 2.5.4.4 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 04 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 3 | Name: Serial Number | | | OID: 2.5.4.5 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 05 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 4 | Name: Country | | | OID: 2.5.4.6 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 06 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 5 | Name: Locality | | | OID: 2.5.4.7 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 07 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 6 | Name: State or Province | | | OID: 2.5.4.8 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 08 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 7 | Name: Street Address | | | OID: 2.5.4.9 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 09 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 8 | Name: Organization | | | OID: 2.5.4.10 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 0A | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 9 | Name: Organizational Unit | Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 14] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 | | OID: 2.5.4.11 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 0B | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 10 | Name: Title | | | OID: 2.5.4.12 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 0C | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 11 | Name: Postal Code | | | OID: 2.5.4.17 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 11 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 12 | Name: Given Name | | | OID: 2.5.4.42 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 2A | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 13 | Name: Initials | | | OID: 2.5.4.43 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 2B | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 14 | Name: Generation Qualifier | | | OID: 2.5.4.44 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 2C | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 15 | Name: DN Qualifier | | | OID: 2.5.4.46 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 2E | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 16 | Name: Pseudonym | | | OID: 2.5.4.65 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 41 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 17 | Name: Organization Identifier | | | OID: 2.5.4.97 | | | DER: 06 03 55 04 61 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 4: C509 Certificate Attributes Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 15] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 8.3. C509 Certificate Extensions Registry IANA has created a new registry titled "C509 Certificate Extensions" under the new heading "C509 Certificate". The columns of the registry are Value, Name, OID, DER, Comments, extensionValue, and Reference, where Value is an integer, and the other columns are text strings. Only non-negative values can be registered. For values in the interval [0, 23] the registration procedure is "IETF Review" and "Expert Review". For all other values the registration procedure is "Expert Review". The initial contents of the registry are: +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Value | Extension | +=======+===========================================================+ | 0 | Name: Subject Key Identifier | | | OID: 2.5.29.14 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 0E | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: bytes | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 | Name: Key Usage | | | OID: 2.5.29.15 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 0F | | | Comments: | | | AttributeValue: int | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 2 | Name: Subject Alternative Name | | | OID: 2.5.29.17 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 11 | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: [ + ( int, any ) ] / text | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 3 | Name: Basic Constraints | | | OID: 2.5.29.19 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 13 | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: int | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 4 | Name: CRL Distribution Points | | | OID: 2.5.29.31 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 1F | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: [ + ( int, any ) ] / text | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 5 | Name: Certificate Policies | | | OID: 2.5.29.32 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 20 | | | Comments: | Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 16] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 | | extensionValue: [ + ( oid, ? text ) ] | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 6 | Name: Authority Key Identifier | | | OID: 2.5.29.35 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 23 | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: bytes | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 7 | Name: Extended Key Usage | | | OID: 2.5.29.37 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 25 | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: int | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 8 | Name: Authority Information Access | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1 | | | DER: 06 08 2B 06 01 05 05 07 01 01 | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: [ + ( 1 / 2 , text ) ] | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 9 | Name: Signed Certificate Timestamp List | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.4.2 | | | DER: 06 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 D6 79 02 04 02 | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: [ bytes, ~biguint, | | | AlgorithmIdentifier, bytes] | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 24 | Name: Subject Directory Attributes | | | OID: 2.5.29.9 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 09 | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: bytes | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 25 | Name: Issuer Alternative Name | | | OID: 2.5.29.18 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 12 | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: bytes | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 26 | Name: Name Constraints | | | OID: 2.5.29.30 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 1E | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: bytes | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 27 | Name: Policy Mappings | | | OID: 2.5.29.33 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 21 | Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 17] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: bytes | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 28 | Name: Policy Constraints | | | OID: 2.5.29.36 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 24 | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: bytes | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 29 | Name: Freshest CRL | | | OID: 2.5.29.46 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 2E | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: bytes | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 30 | Name: Inhibit anyPolicy | | | OID: 2.5.29.54 | | | DER: 06 03 55 1D 36 | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: bytes | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 31 | Name: Subject Information Access | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.11 | | | DER: 06 08 2B 06 01 05 05 07 01 0B | | | Comments: | | | extensionValue: bytes | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 5: C509 Certificate Extensions 8.4. C509 Certificate Extended Key Usages Registry IANA has created a new registry titled "C509 Certificate Extended Key Usages" under the new heading "C509 Certificate". The columns of the registry are Value, Name, OID, DER, Comments, and Reference, where Value is an integer, and the other columns are text strings. For values in the interval [-24, 23] the registration procedure is "IETF Review" and "Expert Review". For all other values the registration procedure is "Expert Review". The initial contents of the registry are: Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 18] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Value | Extended Key Usage | +=======+===========================================================+ | 1 | Name: TLS Server authentication | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1 | | | DER: 06 08 2B 06 01 05 05 07 03 01 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 2 | Name: TLS Client Authentication | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2 | | | DER: 06 08 2B 06 01 05 05 07 03 02 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 3 | Name: Code Signing | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3 | | | DER: 06 08 2B 06 01 05 05 07 03 03 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 4 | Name: Email protection (S/MIME) | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4 | | | DER: 06 08 2B 06 01 05 05 07 03 04 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 8 | Name: Time Stamping | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8 | | | DER: 06 08 2B 06 01 05 05 07 03 08 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 9 | Name: OCSP Signing | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.9 | | | DER: 06 08 2B 06 01 05 05 07 03 09 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 6: C509 Certificate Extended Key Usages 8.5. C509 Certificate General Names Registry IANA has created a new registry titled "C509 Certificate General Names" under the new heading "C509 Certificate". The columns of the registry are Value, General Name, and Reference, where Value is an integer, and the other columns are text strings. For values in the interval [-24, 23] the registration procedure is "IETF Review" and "Expert Review". For all other values the registration procedure is "Expert Review". The initial contents of the registry are: Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 19] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Value | General Names | +=======+===========================================================+ | -1 | Name: otherName with hardwareModuleName | | | Comments: | | | Value: [ ~oid, bytes ] | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 0 | Name: otherName | | | Comments: | | | Value: [ ~oid, bytes ] | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 | Name: rfc822Name | | | Comments: | | | Value: text | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 2 | Name: dNSName | | | Comments: | | | Value: text | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 4 | Name: directoryName | | | Comments: | | | Value: Name | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 6 | Name: uniformResourceIdentifier | | | Comments: | | | Value: text | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 7 | Name: iPAddress | | | Comments: | | | Value: bytes | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 8 | Name: registeredID | | | Comments: | | | Value: ~oid | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 7: C509 Certificate General Names 8.6. C509 Certificate Signature Algorithms Registry IANA has created a new registry titled "C509 Certificate Signature Algorithms" under the new heading "C509 Certificate". The columns of the registry are Value, Name, OID, Parameters, DER, Comments, and Reference, where Value is an integer, and the other columns are text strings. For values in the interval [-24, 23] the registration procedure is "IETF Review" and "Expert Review". For all other values the registration procedure is "Expert Review". The initial contents of the registry are: Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 20] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Value | X.509 Signature Algorithms | +=======+===========================================================+ | -256 | Name: RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 with SHA-1 | | | OID: 1.2.840.113549.1.1.5 | | | Parameters: NULL | | | DER: 30 0D 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 01 05 05 00 | | | Comments: Don't use | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | -255 | Name: ECDSA with SHA-1 | | | OID: 1.2.840.10045.4.1 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 09 06 07 2A 86 48 CE 3D 04 01 | | | Comments: Don't use. Compressed signature value | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 0 | Name: ECDSA with SHA-256 | | | OID: 1.2.840.10045.4.3.2 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0A 06 08 2A 86 48 CE 3D 04 03 02 | | | Comments: Compressed signature value | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 | Name: ECDSA with SHA-384 | | | OID: 1.2.840.10045.4.3.3 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0A 06 08 2A 86 48 CE 3D 04 03 03 | | | Comments: Compressed signature value | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 2 | Name: ECDSA with SHA-512 | | | OID: 1.2.840.10045.4.3.4 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0A 06 08 2A 86 48 CE 3D 04 03 04 | | | Comments: Compressed signature value | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 3 | Name: ECDSA with SHAKE128 | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.6.32 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0A 06 08 2B 06 01 05 05 07 06 20 | | | Comments: Compressed signature value | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 4 | Name: ECDSA with SHAKE256 | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.6.33 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0A 06 08 2B 06 01 05 05 07 06 21 | | | Comments: Compressed signature value | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 12 | Name: Ed25519 | | | OID: 1.3.101.112 | | | Parameters: Absent | Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 21] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 | | DER: 30 05 06 03 2B 65 70 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 13 | Name: Ed448 | | | OID: 1.3.101.113 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 05 06 03 2B 65 71 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 23 | Name: RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 with SHA-256 | | | OID: 1.2.840.113549.1.1.11 | | | Parameters: NULL | | | DER: 30 0B 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 01 0B 05 00 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 24 | Name: RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 with SHA-384 | | | OID: 1.2.840.113549.1.1.12 | | | Parameters: NULL | | | DER: 30 0B 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 01 0C 05 00 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 25 | Name: RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 with SHA-512 | | | OID: 1.2.840.113549.1.1.13 | | | Parameters: NULL | | | DER: 30 0B 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 01 0D 05 00 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 26 | Name: RSASSA-PSS with SHA-256 | | | OID: 1.2.840.113549.1.1.10 | | | Parameters: SHA-256, MGF-1 with SHA-256, saltLength = 32 | | | DER: 30 41 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 01 0A 30 34 | | | A0 0F 30 0D 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 01 | | | 05 00 A1 1C 30 1A 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 | | | 01 08 30 0D 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 01 | | | 05 00 a2 03 02 01 20 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 27 | Name: RSASSA-PSS with SHA-384 | | | OID: 1.2.840.113549.1.1.10 | | | Parameters: SHA-384, MGF-1 with SHA-384, saltLength = 48 | | | DER: 30 41 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 01 0A 30 34 | | | A0 0F 30 0D 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 02 | | | 05 00 A1 1C 30 1A 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 | | | 01 08 30 0D 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 02 | | | 05 00 A2 03 02 01 30 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 28 | Name: RSASSA-PSS with SHA-512 | Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 22] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 | | OID: 1.2.840.113549.1.1.10 | | | Parameters: SHA-512, MGF-1 with SHA-512, saltLength = 64 | | | DER: 30 41 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 01 0A 30 34 | | | A0 0F 30 0D 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 03 | | | 05 00 A1 1C 30 1A 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 | | | 01 08 30 0D 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 03 | | | 05 00 A2 03 02 01 40 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 29 | Name: RSASSA-PSS with SHAKE128 | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.6.30 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0A 06 08 2B 06 01 05 05 07 06 1E | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 30 | Name: RSASSA-PSS with SHAKE256 | | | OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.6.31 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0A 06 08 2B 06 01 05 05 07 06 1F | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 42 | Name: HSS / LMS | | | OID: 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.3.17 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0D 06 0B 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 09 10 03 11 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 43 | Name: XMSS | | | OID: 0.4.0.127.0.15.1.1.13.0 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0B 06 09 04 00 7F 00 0F 01 01 0D 00 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 44 | Name: XMSS^MT | | | OID: 0.4.0.127.0.15.1.1.14.0 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0B 06 09 04 00 7F 00 0F 01 01 0E 00 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 8: C509 Certificate Signature Algorithms 8.7. C509 Certificate Public Key Algorithms Registry IANA has created a new registry titled "C509 Certificate Public Key Algorithms" under the new heading "C509 Certificate". The columns of the registry are Value, Name, OID, Parameters, DER, Comments, and Reference, where Value is an integer, and the other columns are text Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 23] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 strings. For values in the interval [-24, 23] the registration procedure is "IETF Review" and "Expert Review". For all other values the registration procedure is "Expert Review". T The initial contents of the registry are: +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Value | X.509 Public Key Algorithms | +=======+===========================================================+ | 0 | Name: RSA | | | OID: 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1 | | | Parameters: NULL | | | DER: 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01 01 05 00 | | | Comments: Compressed subjectPublicKey | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 | Name: EC Public Key (Weierstrass) with secp256r1 | | | OID: 1.2.840.10045.2.1 | | | Parameters: namedCurve = secp256r1 (1.2.840.10045.3.1.7) | | | DER: 30 13 06 07 2A 86 48 CE 3D 02 01 06 08 2A 86 | | | 48 CE 3D 03 01 07 | | | Comments: Point compressed subjectPublicKey | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 2 | Name: EC Public Key (Weierstrass) with secp384r1 | | | OID: 1.2.840.10045.2.1 | | | Parameters: namedCurve = secp384r1 (1.3.132.0.34) | | | DER: 30 10 06 07 2A 86 48 CE 3D 02 01 06 05 2B 81 | | | 04 00 22 | | | Comments: Point compressed subjectPublicKey | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 3 | Name: EC Public Key (Weierstrass) with secp521r1 | | | OID: 1.2.840.10045.2.1 | | | Parameters: namedCurve = secp521r1 (1.3.132.0.35) | | | DER: 30 10 06 07 2A 86 48 CE 3D 02 01 06 05 2B 81 | | | 04 00 23 | | | Comments: Point compressed subjectPublicKey | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 8 | Name: X25519 (Montgomery) | | | OID: 1.3.101.110 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 05 06 03 2B 65 6E | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 9 | Name: X448 (Montgomery) | | | OID: 1.3.101.111 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 05 06 03 2B 65 6F | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 10 | Name: Ed25519 (Twisted Edwards) | Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 24] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 | | OID: 1.3.101.112 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 05 06 03 2B 65 70 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 11 | Name: Ed448 (Edwards) | | | OID: 1.3.101.113 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 05 06 03 2B 65 71 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 16 | Name: HSS / LMS | | | OID: 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.3.17 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0D 06 0B 2A 86 48 86 F7 0D 01 09 10 03 11 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 17 | Name: XMSS | | | OID: 0.4.0.127.0.15.1.1.13.0 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0B 06 09 04 00 7F 00 0F 01 01 0D 00 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | 18 | Name: XMSS^MT | | | OID: 0.4.0.127.0.15.1.1.14.0 | | | Parameters: Absent | | | DER: 30 0B 06 09 04 00 7F 00 0F 01 01 0E 00 | | | Comments: | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 9: C509 Certificate Public Key Algorithms 8.8. COSE Header Parameters Registry EDITORS NOTE: Should x5u refer to a bag or a chain? The text should be moved a section and not be in the IANA Section. This document registers the following entries in the "COSE Header Parameters" registry under the "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE)" heading. The formatting and processing for c5b, c5c, and c5t, and c5u are similar to x5bag, x5chain, x5t, x5u defined in [I-D.ietf-cose-x509] except that the certificates are CBOR encoded instead of DER encoded, uses a COSE_C5 structure instead of COSE_X509, and that c5t MUST refer to an end-entity certificate. c5u provides an alternative way to identify an untrusted certificate bag/ chain by reference with a URI. The content is a COSE_C5 item served with the application/cbor content format. The COSE_C5 structure used in c5b, c5c, and c5u is defined as: Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 25] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 COSE_C5 = [ + CBORCertificate ] As the contents of c5bag, c5chain, c5t, and c5u are untrusted input, the header parameters can be in either the protected or unprotected header bucket. The trust mechanism MUST process any certificates in the c5b, c5c, and c5u parameters as untrusted input. The presence of a self-signed certificate in the parameter MUST NOT cause the update of the set of trust anchors without some out-of-band confirmation. Note that certificates can also be identified with a 'kid' header parameter by storing 'kid' and the associated bag or chain in a dictionary. +-----------+-------+----------------+------------------------------+ | Name | Label | Value Type | Description | +===========+=======+================+==============================+ | c5b | TBD1 | COSE_C5 | An unordered bag of C509 | | | | | certificates | +-----------+-------+----------------+------------------------------+ | c5c | TBD2 | COSE_C5 | An ordered chain of C509 | | | | | certificates | +-----------+-------+----------------+------------------------------+ | c5t | TBD3 | COSE_CertHash | Hash of a C509 certificate | +-----------+-------+----------------+------------------------------+ | c5u | TBD4 | uri | URI pointing to a COSE_C5 | | | | | containing a ordered chain | | | | | of certificates | +-----------+-------+----------------+------------------------------+ 8.9. TLS Certificate Types Registry This document registers the following entry in the "TLS Certificate Types" registry under the "Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions" heading. The new certificate type can be used with additional TLS certificate compression [RFC8879]. EDITOR'S NOTE: The TLS registrations should be discussed and approved by the TLS WG at a later stage. When COSE WG has adopted work on C509 certificates, it could perhaps be presented in the TLS WG. The TLS WG might e.g. want a separate draft in the TLS WG. +-------+------------------+-------------+--------------------------+ | Value | Name | Recommended | Comment | +=======+==================+=============+==========================+ | TBD5 | C509 Certificate | Y | | +-------+------------------+-------------+--------------------------+ Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 26] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 8.10. CBOR Tags Registry This document registers the following entries in the "CBOR Tags" registry under the "Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) Tags" heading. +------+------------------------------------------------------------+ | Tag | X.509 Public Key Algorithms | +======+============================================================+ | TDB6 | Data Item: COSE_C5 | | | Semantics: An ordered chain of C509 certificates | | | Reference: This document | +------+------------------------------------------------------------+ 9. References 9.1. Normative References [I-D.ietf-cbor-tags-oid] Bormann, C., "Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) Tags for Object Identifiers", draft-ietf-cbor-tags-oid-06 (work in progress), March 2021. [I-D.ietf-cose-x509] Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE): Header parameters for carrying and referencing X.509 certificates", draft-ietf-cose-x509-08 (work in progress), December 2020. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC4108] Housley, R., "Using Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) to Protect Firmware Packages", RFC 4108, DOI 10.17487/RFC4108, August 2005, . [RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008, . [RFC8152] Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE)", RFC 8152, DOI 10.17487/RFC8152, July 2017, . Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 27] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . [RFC8610] Birkholz, H., Vigano, C., and C. Bormann, "Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL): A Notational Convention to Express Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and JSON Data Structures", RFC 8610, DOI 10.17487/RFC8610, June 2019, . [RFC8742] Bormann, C., "Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) Sequences", RFC 8742, DOI 10.17487/RFC8742, February 2020, . [RFC8949] Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR)", STD 94, RFC 8949, DOI 10.17487/RFC8949, December 2020, . [SECG] "Elliptic Curve Cryptography, Standards for Efficient Cryptography Group, ver. 2", 2009, . 9.2. Informative References [CAB-Baseline] CA/Browser Forum, ., "CA/Browser Forum, "Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management of Publicly- Trusted Certificates Version 1.7.3", October 2020, . [I-D.ietf-emu-eap-tls13] Mattsson, J. and M. Sethi, "Using EAP-TLS with TLS 1.3", draft-ietf-emu-eap-tls13-14 (work in progress), February 2021. [I-D.ietf-emu-eaptlscert] Sethi, M., Mattsson, J., and S. Turner, "Handling Large Certificates and Long Certificate Chains in TLS-based EAP Methods", draft-ietf-emu-eaptlscert-08 (work in progress), November 2020. [I-D.ietf-lake-edhoc] Selander, G., Mattsson, J., and F. Palombini, "Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC)", draft-ietf-lake- edhoc-06 (work in progress), April 2021. Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 28] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 [I-D.ietf-quic-transport] Iyengar, J. and M. Thomson, "QUIC: A UDP-Based Multiplexed and Secure Transport", draft-ietf-quic-transport-34 (work in progress), January 2021. [I-D.ietf-tls-ctls] Rescorla, E., Barnes, R., and H. Tschofenig, "Compact TLS 1.3", draft-ietf-tls-ctls-01 (work in progress), November 2020. [I-D.ietf-tls-dtls13] Rescorla, E., Tschofenig, H., and N. Modadugu, "The Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Protocol Version 1.3", draft-ietf-tls-dtls13-40 (work in progress), January 2021. [I-D.ietf-uta-tls13-iot-profile] Tschofenig, H. and T. Fossati, "TLS/DTLS 1.3 Profiles for the Internet of Things", draft-ietf-uta-tls13-iot- profile-01 (work in progress), February 2021. [IEEE-802.1AR] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, ., "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks- Secure Device Identity", IEEE Standard 802.1AR-2018 , August 2018, . [RFC7228] Bormann, C., Ersue, M., and A. Keranen, "Terminology for Constrained-Node Networks", RFC 7228, DOI 10.17487/RFC7228, May 2014, . [RFC7925] Tschofenig, H., Ed. and T. Fossati, "Transport Layer Security (TLS) / Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Profiles for the Internet of Things", RFC 7925, DOI 10.17487/RFC7925, July 2016, . [RFC7932] Alakuijala, J. and Z. Szabadka, "Brotli Compressed Data Format", RFC 7932, DOI 10.17487/RFC7932, July 2016, . [RFC8446] Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, August 2018, . Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 29] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 [RFC8603] Jenkins, M. and L. Zieglar, "Commercial National Security Algorithm (CNSA) Suite Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 8603, DOI 10.17487/RFC8603, May 2019, . [RFC8879] Ghedini, A. and V. Vasiliev, "TLS Certificate Compression", RFC 8879, DOI 10.17487/RFC8879, December 2020, . [X.509-IoT] Forsby, F., Furuhed, M., Papadimitratos, P., and S. Raza, "Lightweight X.509 Digital Certificates for the Internet of Things.", Springer, Cham. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 242., July 2018, . Appendix A. Example C509 Certificates A.1. Example RFC 7925 profiled X.509 Certificate Example of [RFC7925] profiled X.509 certificate parsed with OpenSSL. Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 30] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 128269 (0x1f50d) Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256 Issuer: CN=RFC test CA Validity Not Before: Jan 1 00:00:00 2020 GMT Not After : Feb 2 00:00:00 2021 GMT Subject: CN=01-23-45-FF-FE-67-89-AB Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey Public-Key: (256 bit) pub: 04:b1:21:6a:b9:6e:5b:3b:33:40:f5:bd:f0:2e:69: 3f:16:21:3a:04:52:5e:d4:44:50:b1:01:9c:2d:fd: 38:38:ab:ac:4e:14:d8:6c:09:83:ed:5e:9e:ef:24: 48:c6:86:1c:c4:06:54:71:77:e6:02:60:30:d0:51: f7:79:2a:c2:06 ASN1 OID: prime256v1 NIST CURVE: P-256 X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Key Usage: Digital Signature Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256 30:44:02:20:44:5d:79:8c:90:e7:f5:00:dc:74:7a:65:4c:ec: 6c:fa:6f:03:72:76:e1:4e:52:ed:07:fc:16:29:4c:84:66:0d: 02:20:5a:33:98:5d:fb:d4:bf:dd:6d:4a:cf:38:04:c3:d4:6e: bf:3b:7f:a6:26:40:67:4f:c0:35:4f:a0:56:db:ae:a6 The DER encoding of the above certificate is 314 bytes. 30 82 01 36 30 81 DE A0 03 02 01 02 02 03 01 F5 0D 30 0A 06 08 2A 86 48 CE 3D 04 03 02 30 16 31 14 30 12 06 03 55 04 03 0C 0B 52 46 43 20 74 65 73 74 20 43 41 30 1E 17 0D 32 30 30 31 30 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 5A 17 0D 32 31 30 32 30 32 30 30 30 30 30 30 5A 30 22 31 20 30 1E 06 03 55 04 03 0C 17 30 31 2D 32 33 2D 34 35 2D 46 46 2D 46 45 2D 36 37 2D 38 39 2D 41 42 30 59 30 13 06 07 2A 86 48 CE 3D 02 01 06 08 2A 86 48 CE 3D 03 01 07 03 42 00 04 B1 21 6A B9 6E 5B 3B 33 40 F5 BD F0 2E 69 3F 16 21 3A 04 52 5E D4 44 50 B1 01 9C 2D FD 38 38 AB AC 4E 14 D8 6C 09 83 ED 5E 9E EF 24 48 C6 86 1C C4 06 54 71 77 E6 02 60 30 D0 51 F7 79 2A C2 06 A3 0F 30 0D 30 0B 06 03 55 1D 0F 04 04 03 02 07 80 30 0A 06 08 2A 86 48 CE 3D 04 03 02 03 47 00 30 44 02 20 44 5D 79 8C 90 E7 F5 00 DC 74 7A 65 4C EC 6C FA 6F 03 72 76 E1 4E 52 ED 07 FC 16 29 4C 84 66 0D 02 20 5A 33 98 5D FB D4 BF DD 6D 4A CF 38 04 C3 D4 6E BF 3B 7F A6 26 40 67 4F C0 35 4F A0 56 DB AE A6 Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 31] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 A.1.1. Example C509 Certificate Encoding The CBOR encoding of the same X.509 certificate is shown below in CBOR diagnostic format. /This defines a CBOR Sequence (RFC 8742):/ 1, h'01f50d', "RFC test CA", 1577836800, 1612224000, h'0123456789AB', 1, h'02B1216AB96E5B3B3340F5BDF02E693F16213A04525ED44450 B1019C2DFD3838AB', 1, 0, h'445D798C90E7F500DC747A654CEC6CFA6F037276E14E52ED07 FC16294C84660D5A33985DFBD4BFDD6D4ACF3804C3D46EBF3B 7FA62640674FC0354FA056DBAEA6 The size of the CBOR encoding (CBOR sequence) is 138 bytes. 01 43 01 F5 0D 6B 52 46 43 20 74 65 73 74 20 43 41 1A 5E 0B E1 00 1A 60 18 96 00 46 01 23 45 67 89 AB 01 58 21 02 B1 21 6A B9 6E 5B 3B 33 40 F5 BD F0 2E 69 3F 16 21 3A 04 52 5E D4 44 50 B1 01 9C 2D FD 38 38 AB 01 00 58 40 44 5D 79 8C 90 E7 F5 00 DC 74 7A 65 4C EC 6C FA 6F 03 72 76 E1 4E 52 ED 07 FC 16 29 4C 84 66 0D 5A 33 98 5D FB D4 BF DD 6D 4A CF 38 04 C3 D4 6E BF 3B 7F A6 26 40 67 4F C0 35 4F A0 56 DB AE A6 A.1.2. Example: Natively Signed C509 Certificate The corresponding natively signed C509 certificate in CBOR diagnostic format is identical, except for cborCertificateType and signatureValue. Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 32] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 /This defines a CBOR Sequence (RFC 8742):/ 0, h'01f50d', "RFC test CA", 1577836800, 1612224000, h'0123456789AB', 1, h'02B1216AB96E5B3B3340F5BDF02E693F16213A04525ED44450 B1019C2DFD3838AB', 1, 6, h'B27A0B781455F71B68290F6C2EC9A897F18FDE9B6C59575953 BC67268AB0E4DDE99D273E04E4715383AB2257C6AAA35284E5 ED18BDB91247E9F2C433136480B9' The size of the CBOR encoding (CBOR sequence) is 138 bytes. 00 43 01 F5 0D 6B 52 46 43 20 74 65 73 74 20 43 41 1A 5E 0B E1 00 1A 60 18 96 00 46 01 23 45 67 89 AB 01 58 21 02 B1 21 6A B9 6E 5B 3B 33 40 F5 BD F0 2E 69 3F 16 21 3A 04 52 5E D4 44 50 B1 01 9C 2D FD 38 38 AB 01 00 58 40 B2 7A 0B 78 14 55 F7 1B 68 29 0F 6C 2E C9 A8 97 F1 8F DE 9B 6C 59 57 59 53 BC 67 26 8A B0 E4 DD E9 9D 27 3E 04 E4 71 53 83 AB 22 57 C6 AA A3 52 84 E5 ED 18 BD B9 12 47 E9 F2 C4 33 13 64 80 B9 A.1.3. Example: Additonal Keys for the Example Certificates Below are the issuer key pair and the subject private key belonging to the above example certificates. The private keys are encoded as in COSE [RFC8152]. These issuer key pair can be used to sign or verify the example certificates and the subject private key allows the example certificates to be used in test vectors for other protocols like EDHOC. Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 33] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 issuerPublicKeyAlgorithm : 1 (EC Public Key (Weierstrass) with secp256r1) issuerPublicKey : h'02AE4CDB01F614DEFC7121285FDC7F5C6D1D42C95647F061BA0080DF678867845E' issuerPrivateKey : h'DC66B3415456D649429B53223DF7532B942D6B0E0842C30BCA4C0ACF91547BB2' subjectPrivateKey : h'D718111F3F9BD91B92FF6877F386BDBFCEA7154268FD7F2FB56EE17D99EA16D4' A.2. Example IEEE 802.1AR profiled X.509 Certificate EDITOR'S NOTE: To do A.3. Example CAB Baseline ECDSA HTTPS X.509 Certificate The www.ietf.org HTTPS server replies with a certificate message with 2 certificates. The DER encoding of the first certificate is 1209 bytes. 30 82 04 b5 30 82 04 5a a0 03 02 01 02 02 10 04 7f a1 e3 19 28 ee 40 3b a0 b8 3a 39 56 73 fc 30 0a 06 08 2a 86 48 ce 3d 04 03 02 30 4a 31 0b 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 13 02 55 53 31 19 30 17 06 03 55 04 0a 13 10 43 6c 6f 75 64 66 6c 61 72 65 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 31 20 30 1e 06 03 55 04 03 13 17 43 6c 6f 75 64 66 6c 61 72 65 20 49 6e 63 20 45 43 43 20 43 41 2d 33 30 1e 17 0d 32 30 30 37 32 39 30 30 30 30 30 30 5a 17 0d 32 31 30 37 32 39 31 32 30 30 30 30 5a 30 6d 31 0b 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 13 02 55 53 31 0b 30 09 06 03 55 04 08 13 02 43 41 31 16 30 14 06 03 55 04 07 13 0d 53 61 6e 20 46 72 61 6e 63 69 73 63 6f 31 19 30 17 06 03 55 04 0a 13 10 43 6c 6f 75 64 66 6c 61 72 65 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 31 1e 30 1c 06 03 55 04 03 13 15 73 6e 69 2e 63 6c 6f 75 64 66 6c 61 72 65 73 73 6c 2e 63 6f 6d 30 59 30 13 06 07 2a 86 48 ce 3d 02 01 06 08 2a 86 48 ce 3d 03 01 07 03 42 00 04 96 3e cd d8 4d cd 1b 93 a1 cf 43 2d 1a 72 17 d6 c6 3b de 33 55 a0 2f 8c fb 5a d8 99 4c d4 4e 20 5f 15 f6 e3 d2 3b 38 2b a6 49 9b b1 7f 34 1f a5 92 fa 21 86 1f 16 d3 12 06 63 24 05 fd 70 42 bd a3 82 02 fd 30 82 02 f9 30 1f 06 03 55 1d 23 04 18 30 16 80 14 a5 ce 37 ea eb b0 75 0e 94 67 88 b4 45 fa d9 24 10 87 96 1f 30 1d 06 03 55 1d 0e 04 16 04 14 cc 0b 50 e7 d8 37 db f2 43 f3 85 3d 48 60 f5 3b 39 be 9b 2a 30 2e 06 03 55 1d 11 04 27 30 25 82 15 73 6e 69 2e 63 6c 6f 75 64 66 6c 61 72 65 73 73 6c 2e 63 6f 6d 82 0c 77 77 77 2e 69 65 74 66 2e 6f 72 67 30 0e 06 03 55 1d 0f 01 01 ff 04 04 03 02 07 80 30 1d 06 03 55 1d 25 04 16 30 14 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 03 01 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 03 02 30 7b 06 03 55 1d 1f 04 74 30 72 30 37 a0 35 a0 33 86 31 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 63 72 6c 33 2e 64 69 67 69 63 65 72 74 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 43 6c 6f 75 64 66 6c 61 72 65 49 6e 63 45 43 43 43 41 2d 33 2e 63 72 6c 30 37 a0 35 a0 33 86 31 68 74 Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 34] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 74 70 3a 2f 2f 63 72 6c 34 2e 64 69 67 69 63 65 72 74 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 43 6c 6f 75 64 66 6c 61 72 65 49 6e 63 45 43 43 43 41 2d 33 2e 63 72 6c 30 4c 06 03 55 1d 20 04 45 30 43 30 37 06 09 60 86 48 01 86 fd 6c 01 01 30 2a 30 28 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 02 01 16 1c 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 77 77 77 2e 64 69 67 69 63 65 72 74 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 43 50 53 30 08 06 06 67 81 0c 01 02 02 30 76 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 01 01 04 6a 30 68 30 24 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 30 01 86 18 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 6f 63 73 70 2e 64 69 67 69 63 65 72 74 2e 63 6f 6d 30 40 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 30 02 86 34 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 63 61 63 65 72 74 73 2e 64 69 67 69 63 65 72 74 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 43 6c 6f 75 64 66 6c 61 72 65 49 6e 63 45 43 43 43 41 2d 33 2e 63 72 74 30 0c 06 03 55 1d 13 01 01 ff 04 02 30 00 30 82 01 05 06 0a 2b 06 01 04 01 d6 79 02 04 02 04 81 f6 04 81 f3 00 f1 00 76 00 f6 5c 94 2f d1 77 30 22 14 54 18 08 30 94 56 8e e3 4d 13 19 33 bf df 0c 2f 20 0b cc 4e f1 64 e3 00 00 01 73 9c 83 5f 8e 00 00 04 03 00 47 30 45 02 21 00 f8 d1 b4 a9 3d 2f 0d 4c 41 76 df b4 88 bc c7 3b 86 44 3d 7d e0 0e 6a c8 17 4d 89 48 a8 84 36 68 02 20 29 ff 5a 34 06 8a 24 0c 69 50 27 88 e8 ee 25 ab 7e d2 cb cf 68 6e ce 7b 5f 96 b4 31 a9 07 02 fa 00 77 00 5c dc 43 92 fe e6 ab 45 44 b1 5e 9a d4 56 e6 10 37 fb d5 fa 47 dc a1 73 94 b2 5e e6 f6 c7 0e ca 00 00 01 73 9c 83 5f be 00 00 04 03 00 48 30 46 02 21 00 e8 91 c1 97 bf b0 e3 d3 0c b6 ce e6 0d 94 c3 c7 5f d1 17 53 36 93 11 08 d8 98 12 d4 d2 9d 81 d0 02 21 00 a1 59 d1 6c 46 47 d1 48 37 57 fc d6 ce 4e 75 ec 7b 5e f6 57 ef e0 28 f8 e5 cc 47 92 68 2d ac 43 30 0a 06 08 2a 86 48 ce 3d 04 03 02 03 49 00 30 46 02 21 00 bd 63 cf 4f 7e 5c fe 6c 29 38 5e a7 1c fb fc 1e 3f 7b 1c d0 72 51 a2 21 f7 77 69 c0 f4 71 df ea 02 21 00 b5 c0 6c c4 58 54 fa 30 b2 82 88 b1 d3 bb 9a 66 61 ed 50 31 72 5b 1a 82 02 e0 da 5b 59 f9 54 02 A.3.1. Example C509 Certificate Encoding The CBOR encoding of the first X.509 certificate is shown below in CBOR diagnostic format. Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 35] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 /This defines a CBOR Sequence (RFC 8742):/ 1, h'047FA1E31928EE403BA0B83A395673FC', [ -4, "IE", -8, "Baltimore", -9, "CyberTrust", -1, "Baltimore CyberTrust Root" ], 1595980800, 1627560000, [ -4, "US", -6, "CA", -5, "San Francisco", -8, "Cloudflare, Inc.", -1, "sni.cloudflaressl.com" ], 1, h'03963ECDD84DCD1B93A1CF432D1A7217D6C63BDE3355A02F8CFB5AD8994CD44E20', [ 6, h'A5CE37EAEBB0750E946788B445FAD9241087961F', 0, h'CC0B50E7D837DBF243F3853D4860F53B39BE9B2A', 2, [2, "sni.cloudflaressl.com", 2, "www.ietf.org"], -1, 1, 7, [1, 2], 4, ["http://crl3.digicert.com/CloudflareIncECCCA-3.crl", "http://crl4.digicert.com/CloudflareIncECCCA-3.crl"], 5, [h'6086480186FD6C0101', "https://www.digicert.com/CPS", 2], 8, [1, "http://ocsp.digicert.com", 2, "http://cacerts.digicert.com/CloudflareIncECCCA-3.crt"], -3, -2, 9, ... ], 0, h'BD63CF4F7E5CFE6C29385EA71CFBFC1E3F7B1CD07251A221F77769C0F471DFEA B5C06CC45854FA30B28288B1D3BB9A6661ED5031725B1A8202E0DA5B59F95402' A.4. Example CAB Baseline RSA HTTPS X.509 Certificate The tools.ietf.org HTTPS server replies with a certificate message with 4 certificates. The DER encoding of the first certificate is 1647 bytes. 30 82 06 6b 30 82 05 53 a0 03 02 01 02 02 09 00 a6 a5 5c 87 0e 39 b4 0e 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01 0b 05 00 30 81 c6 31 0b 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 13 02 55 53 31 10 30 0e 06 03 55 04 08 13 07 41 72 69 Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 36] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 7a 6f 6e 61 31 13 30 11 06 03 55 04 07 13 0a 53 63 6f 74 74 73 64 61 6c 65 31 25 30 23 06 03 55 04 0a 13 1c 53 74 61 72 66 69 65 6c 64 20 54 65 63 68 6e 6f 6c 6f 67 69 65 73 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 31 33 30 31 06 03 55 04 0b 13 2a 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 63 65 72 74 73 2e 73 74 61 72 66 69 65 6c 64 74 65 63 68 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 72 65 70 6f 73 69 74 6f 72 79 2f 31 34 30 32 06 03 55 04 03 13 2b 53 74 61 72 66 69 65 6c 64 20 53 65 63 75 72 65 20 43 65 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 74 65 20 41 75 74 68 6f 72 69 74 79 20 2d 20 47 32 30 1e 17 0d 32 30 31 30 30 31 31 39 33 38 33 36 5a 17 0d 32 31 31 31 30 32 31 39 33 38 33 36 5a 30 3e 31 21 30 1f 06 03 55 04 0b 13 18 44 6f 6d 61 69 6e 20 43 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 56 61 6c 69 64 61 74 65 64 31 19 30 17 06 03 55 04 03 0c 10 2a 2e 74 6f 6f 6c 73 2e 69 65 74 66 2e 6f 72 67 30 82 01 22 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01 01 05 00 03 82 01 0f 00 30 82 01 0a 02 82 01 01 00 b1 e1 37 e8 eb 82 d6 89 fa db f5 c2 4b 77 f0 2c 4a de 72 6e 3e 13 60 d1 a8 66 1e c4 ad 3d 32 60 e5 f0 99 b5 f4 7a 7a 48 55 21 ee 0e 39 12 f9 ce 0d ca f5 69 61 c7 04 ed 6e 0f 1d 3b 1e 50 88 79 3a 0e 31 41 16 f1 b1 02 64 68 a5 cd f5 4a 0a ca 99 96 35 08 c3 7e 27 5d d0 a9 cf f3 e7 28 af 37 d8 b6 7b dd f3 7e ae 6e 97 7f f7 ca 69 4e cc d0 06 df 5d 27 9b 3b 12 e7 e6 fe 08 6b 52 7b 82 11 7c 72 b3 46 eb c1 e8 78 b8 0f cb e1 eb bd 06 44 58 dc 83 50 b2 a0 62 5b dc 81 b8 36 e3 9e 7c 79 b2 a9 53 8a e0 0b c9 4a 2a 13 39 31 13 bd 2c cf a8 70 cf 8c 8d 3d 01 a3 88 ae 12 00 36 1d 1e 24 2b dd 79 d8 53 01 26 ed 28 4f c9 86 94 83 4e c8 e1 14 2e 85 b3 af d4 6e dd 69 46 af 41 25 0e 7a ad 8b f2 92 ca 79 d9 7b 32 4f f7 77 e8 f9 b4 4f 23 5c d4 5c 03 ae d8 ab 3a ca 13 5f 5d 5d 5d a1 02 03 01 00 01 a3 82 02 e1 30 82 02 dd 30 0c 06 03 55 1d 13 01 01 ff 04 02 30 00 30 1d 06 03 55 1d 25 04 16 30 14 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 03 01 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 03 02 30 0e 06 03 55 1d 0f 01 01 ff 04 04 03 02 05 a0 30 3d 06 03 55 1d 1f 04 36 30 34 30 32 a0 30 a0 2e 86 2c 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 63 72 6c 2e 73 74 61 72 66 69 65 6c 64 74 65 63 68 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 73 66 69 67 32 73 31 2d 32 34 32 2e 63 72 6c 30 63 06 03 55 1d 20 04 5c 30 5a 30 4e 06 0b 60 86 48 01 86 fd 6e 01 07 17 01 30 3f 30 3d 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 02 01 16 31 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 63 65 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 74 65 73 2e 73 74 61 72 66 69 65 6c 64 74 65 63 68 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 72 65 70 6f 73 69 74 6f 72 79 2f 30 08 06 06 67 81 0c 01 02 01 30 81 82 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 01 01 04 76 30 74 30 2a 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 30 01 86 1e 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 6f 63 73 70 2e 73 74 61 72 66 69 65 6c 64 74 65 63 68 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 30 46 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 30 02 86 3a 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 63 65 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 74 65 73 2e 73 74 61 72 66 69 65 6c 64 74 65 63 68 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 72 65 70 6f 73 69 74 6f 72 79 2f 73 66 69 67 32 2e 63 72 74 30 1f 06 03 55 1d 23 04 18 30 16 80 14 25 45 81 68 50 26 38 3d 3b 2d 2c be cd 6a d9 b6 3d b3 66 63 30 2b 06 03 55 1d 11 04 24 30 22 82 10 2a 2e 74 6f 6f 6c 73 2e 69 65 74 66 2e 6f 72 67 82 0e 74 6f 6f 6c 73 2e 69 65 74 66 2e 6f 72 67 30 1d 06 03 55 1d 0e 04 16 04 14 ad 8a b4 1c 07 51 d7 92 89 07 b0 b7 84 62 2f 36 55 7a 5f 4d 30 82 01 06 06 0a 2b 06 01 04 01 d6 79 02 04 02 04 81 f7 04 81 f4 00 f2 00 77 00 f6 5c 94 2f d1 77 30 22 14 54 18 08 30 94 56 8e e3 4d 13 19 33 bf df 0c 2f 20 0b cc 4e f1 64 e3 00 00 01 74 e5 ac 71 13 00 Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 37] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 00 04 03 00 48 30 46 02 21 00 8c f5 48 52 ce 56 35 43 39 11 cf 10 cd b9 1f 52 b3 36 39 22 3a d1 38 a4 1d ec a6 fe de 1f e9 0f 02 21 00 bc a2 25 43 66 c1 9a 26 91 c4 7a 00 b5 b6 53 ab bd 44 c2 f8 ba ae f4 d2 da f2 52 7c e6 45 49 95 00 77 00 5c dc 43 92 fe e6 ab 45 44 b1 5e 9a d4 56 e6 10 37 fb d5 fa 47 dc a1 73 94 b2 5e e6 f6 c7 0e ca 00 00 01 74 e5 ac 72 3c 00 00 04 03 00 48 30 46 02 21 00 a5 e0 90 6e 63 e9 1d 4f dd ef ff 03 52 b9 1e 50 89 60 07 56 4b 44 8a 38 28 f5 96 dc 6b 28 72 6d 02 21 00 fc 91 ea ed 02 16 88 66 05 4e e1 8a 2e 53 46 c4 cc 51 fe b3 fa 10 a9 1d 2e db f9 91 25 f8 6c e6 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01 0b 05 00 03 82 01 01 00 14 04 3f a0 be d2 ee 3f a8 6e 3a 1f 78 8e a0 4c 35 53 0f 11 06 1f ff 60 a1 6d 0b 83 e9 d9 2a db b3 3f 9d b3 d7 e0 59 4c 19 a8 e4 19 a5 0c a7 70 72 77 63 d5 fe 64 51 0a d2 7a d6 50 a5 8a 92 38 ec cb 2f 0f 5a c0 64 58 4d 5c 06 b9 73 63 68 27 8b 89 34 dc 79 c7 1d 3a fd 34 5f 83 14 41 58 49 80 68 29 80 39 8a 86 72 69 cc 79 37 ce e3 97 f7 dc f3 95 88 ed 81 03 29 00 d2 a2 c7 ba ab d6 3a 8e ca 09 0b d9 fb 39 26 4b ff 03 d8 8e 2d 3f 6b 21 ca 8a 7d d8 5f fb 94 ba 83 de 9c fc 15 8d 61 fa 67 2d b0 c7 db 3d 25 0a 41 4a 85 d3 7f 49 46 37 3c f4 b1 75 d0 52 f3 dd c7 66 f1 4b fd aa 00 ed bf e4 7e ed 01 ec 7b e4 f6 46 fc 31 fd 72 fe 03 d2 f2 65 af 4d 7e e2 81 9b 7a fd 30 3c f5 52 f4 05 34 a0 8a 3e 19 41 58 c8 a8 e0 51 71 84 09 15 ae ec a5 77 75 fa 18 f7 d5 77 d5 31 cc c7 2d A.4.1. Example C509 Certificate Encoding The CBOR encoding of the first X.509 certificate is shown below in CBOR diagnostic format. /This defines a CBOR Sequence (RFC 8742):/ 1, h'A6A55C870E39B40E', [ -4, "US", -6, "Arizona", -5, "Scottsdale", -8, "Starfield Technologies, Inc.", -9, "http://certs.starfieldtech.com/repository/", -1, "Starfield Secure Certificate Authority - G2" ], 1601581116, 1635881916, [ -9, "Domain Control Validated", 1, "*.tools.ietf.org" ], 0, h'B1E137E8EB82D689FADBF5C24B77F02C4ADE726E3E1360D1A8661EC4AD3D3260 E5F099B5F47A7A485521EE0E3912F9CE0DCAF56961C704ED6E0F1D3B1E508879 Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 38] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 3A0E314116F1B1026468A5CDF54A0ACA99963508C37E275DD0A9CFF3E728AF37 D8B67BDDF37EAE6E977FF7CA694ECCD006DF5D279B3B12E7E6FE086B527B8211 7C72B346EBC1E878B80FCBE1EBBD064458DC8350B2A0625BDC81B836E39E7C79 B2A9538AE00BC94A2A13393113BD2CCFA870CF8C8D3D01A388AE1200361D1E24 2BDD79D8530126ED284FC98694834EC8E1142E85B3AFD46EDD6946AF41250E7A AD8BF292CA79D97B324FF777E8F9B44F235CD45C03AED8AB3ACA135F5D5D5DA1', [ -3, -2, 7, [ 1, 2 ], -1, 5, 4, "http://crl.starfieldtech.com/sfig2s1-242.crl", 5, [ h'6086480186fd6e01071701', "http://certificates.starfieldtech.com/repository/", 1 ], 8, [ 1, "http://ocsp.starfieldtech.com/", 2, "http://certificates.starfieldtech.com/repository/sfig2.crt" ], 6, h'254581685026383D3B2D2CBECD6AD9B63DB36663', 2, [ 2, "*.tools.ietf.org", 2, "tools.ietf.org" ], 0, h'AD8AB41C0751D7928907B0B784622F36557A5F4D', 9, [ h'F65C942FD1773022145418083094568EE34D131933BFDF0C2F200BCC4EF164E3', 1715, 1, h'8CF54852CE5635433911CF10CDB91F52B33639223AD138A41DECA6FEDE1FE90F BCA2254366C19A2691C47A00B5B653ABBD44C2F8BAAEF4D2DAF2527CE6454995', h'5CDC4392FEE6AB4544B15E9AD456E61037FBD5FA47DCA17394B25EE6F6C70ECA', 2012, 1, h'A5E0906E63E91D4FDDEFFF0352B91E50896007564B448A3828F596DC6B28726D FC91EAED02168866054EE18A2E5346C4CC51FEB3FA10A91D2EDBF99125F86CE6' ] ], 23, h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he size of the CBOR encoding (CBOR sequence) is 1242 bytes. Acknowledgments The authors want to thank Henk Birkholz, Carsten Bormann, Russ Housley, Olle Johansson, Benjamin Kaduk, Ilari Liusvaara, Laurence Lundblade, Thomas Peterson, Michael Richardson, Stefan Santesson, Jim Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 39] Internet-Draft C509 Certificates April 2021 Schaad, Fraser Tweedale, and Rene Struik for reviewing and commenting on intermediate versions of the draft. Authors' Addresses Shahid Raza RISE AB Email: shahid.raza@ri.se Joel Hoeglund RISE AB Email: joel.hoglund@ri.se Goeran Selander Ericsson AB Email: goran.selander@ericsson.com John Preuss Mattsson Ericsson AB Email: john.mattsson@ericsson.com Martin Furuhed Nexus Group Email: martin.furuhed@nexusgroup.com Raza, et al. Expires October 30, 2021 [Page 40]