6lo Working Group C. Gomez Internet-Draft UPC Intended status: Standards Track A. Minaburo Expires: January 11, 2022 Acklio July 10, 2021 Transmission of SCHC-compressed packets over IEEE 802.15.4 networks draft-gomez-6lo-schc-15dot4-00 Abstract A framework called Static Context Header Compression and fragmentation (SCHC) has been designed with the primary goal of supporting IPv6 over Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies [RFC8724]. One of the SCHC components is a header compression mechanism. If used properly, SCHC header compression allows a greater compression ratio than that achievable with traditional 6LoWPAN header compression [RFC6282]. For this reason, it may make sense to use SCHC header compression in some 6LoWPAN environments, including IEEE 802.15.4 networks. This document specifies how a SCHC-compressed packet can be carried over IEEE 802.15.4 networks. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on January 11, 2022. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of Gomez & Minaburo Expires January 11, 2022 [Page 1] Internet-Draft SCHC compression for 6Lo July 2021 publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. Requirements language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2. Background on SCHC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.1. Network topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2. Protocol stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Frame Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.1. SCHC Dispatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.2. Padding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. SCHC compression for IPv6, UDP, and CoAP headers . . . . . . 6 6. Fragmentation and reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. Introduction RFC 6282 is the main specification for IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) IPv6 header compression [RFC6282]. This RFC was designed assuming IEEE 802.15.4 as the layer below the 6LoWPAN adaptation layer, and it has also been reused (with proper adaptations) for IPv6 header compression over many other technologies relatively similar to IEEE 802.15.4 in terms of characteristics such as physical layer bit rate, layer 2 maximum payload size, etc. Examples of such technologies comprise BLE, DECT-ULE, ITU G.9959, MS/ TP, NFC, and PLC. RFC 6282 provides additional functionality, such as a mechanism for UDP header compression. In the best cases, RFC 6282 allows to compress a 40-byte IPv6 header down to a 2-byte compressed header (for link-local interactions) or a 3-byte compressed header (when global IPv6 addresses are used). On the other hand, an RFC 6282 compressed UDP header has a typical size of 4 bytes. Therefore, in advantageous conditions, a 48-byte uncompressed IPv6/UDP header may be compressed down to a 6-byte Gomez & Minaburo Expires January 11, 2022 [Page 2] Internet-Draft SCHC compression for 6Lo July 2021 format (when using link-local addresses) or a 7-byte format (for global interactions) by using RFC 6282. Recently, a framework called Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) has been designed with the primary goal of supporting IPv6 over Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies [RFC8724]. SCHC comprises header compression and fragmentation functionality tailored to the extraordinary constraints of LPWAN technologies, which are more severe than those exhibited by IEEE 802.15.4 or other relatively similar technologies. SCHC header compression allows a greater compression ratio than that of RFC 6282. If used properly, SCHC allows to compress an IPv6/UDP header down to e.g. a single byte. In addition, SCHC can be used to compress Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) headers as well [RFC7252][RFC8824], which further increases the achievable performance improvement of using SCHC header compression, since there is no 6LoWPAN header compression defined for CoAP. Therefore, it may make sense to use SCHC header compression in some 6LoWPAN environments [I-D.toutain-6lo-6lo-and-schc], including IEEE 802.15.4 networks, considering its greater efficiency. If SCHC header compression is added to the panoply of header compression mechanisms used in 6LoWPAN environments, then there is a need to signal when a packet header has been compressed by using SCHC. To this end, in its current form, the present document specifies a 6LoWPAN Dispatch Type for SCHC header compression, based on exploiting RFC 8025 Dispatch type space [RFC8025]. This document specifies how a SCHC-compressed packet can be carried over IEEE 802.15.4 networks. Note that, as per this document, and while SCHC defines fragmentation mechanisms as well, 6LoWPAN/6Lo fragmentation is used when necessary to transport SCHC-compressed packets over IEEE 802.15.4 networks [RFC4944][RFC8931]. TO-DO: indicate here any specific updates of RFC 8724 for IEEE 802.15.4. 2. Terminology 2.1. Requirements language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP14 [RFC2119], [RFC8174], when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. Gomez & Minaburo Expires January 11, 2022 [Page 3] Internet-Draft SCHC compression for 6Lo July 2021 2.2. Background on SCHC The reader is expected to be familiar with the terms and concepts defined in the specification of SCHC (RFC 8724). 3. Architecture 3.1. Network topologies IEEE 802.15.4 supports two main network topologies: the star topology, and the peer-to-peer (i.e., mesh) topology. SCHC has been designed for LPWAN technologies, which are typically based on a star topology where constrained devices (e.g., sensors) communicate with a less constrained, central network gateway [RFC 8376]. However, as stated in [draft-ietf-lpwan-architecture], SCHC is generic and it can also be used in networking environments beyond the ones originally considered for SCHC. SCHC compression is applicable to both star topology and mesh topology IEEE 802.15.4 networks. 3.2. Protocol stack The traditional 6LoWPAN-based protocol stack for constrained devices (Figure 1, left) places the 6LoWPAN adaptation layer between IPv6 and an underlying technology such as IEEE 802.15.4. Suitable upper layer protocols include CoAP [RFC7252] and UDP. (Note that, while CoAP has also been specified over TCP, and TCP may play a significant role in IoT environments [RFC9006], 6LoWPAN header compression has not been defined for TCP.) 6LoWPAN can be envisioned as a set of two main sublayers, where the upper one provides header compression, while the lower one offers fragmentation. This document defines an alternative approach for packet header compression over IEEE 802.15.4, which leads to a modified protocol stack (Figure 1, right). Gomez & Minaburo Expires January 11, 2022 [Page 4] Internet-Draft SCHC compression for 6Lo July 2021 +------------+ +------------+ | CoAP, other| | CoAP, other| +------------+ +------------+ | UDP, other | | UDP, other | +------------+ +------------+ | IPv6 | | IPv6 | +------------+ +------------+ | 6LoWPAN HC | | SCHC HC | <-- NEW +------------+ +------------+ |6LoWPAN Frag| |6LoWPAN Frag| +------------+ +------------+ | 802.15.4 | | 802.15.4 | +------------+ +------------+ Figure 1: Traditional 6LoWPAN-based protocol stack over IEEE 802.15.4 (left) and alternative protocol stack using SCHC for header compression (right). HC and Frag stand for Header Compression and Fragmentation, respectively. SCHC header compression may be applied to the headers of different protocols or sets of protocols. Some examples include: i) IPv6 packet headers, ii) joint IPv6 and UDP packet headers, iii) joint IPv6, UDP and CoAP packet headers, etc. 4. Frame Format This document defines the frame format to be used when a SCHC- compressed packet is carried over IEEE 802.15.4. Such format is carried as IEEE 802.15.4 frame payload. The format comprises a SCHC Dispatch Type, a SCHC Packet (i.e. a SCHC-compressed packet (RFC 8724), and Padding bits, if any). Figure 2 illustrates the described frame format. <---------- IEEE 802.15.4 frame payload ----------> <----- SCHC Packet -----> +---------------+-------------+---------+ - - - - + | SCHC Dispatch | SCHC Header | Payload | Padding | +---------------+-------------+---------+ - - - - + Figure 2: Encapsulated, SCHC-compressed packet. Padding bits are added if needed. Gomez & Minaburo Expires January 11, 2022 [Page 5] Internet-Draft SCHC compression for 6Lo July 2021 4.1. SCHC Dispatch Adding SCHC header compression to the panoply of header compression mechanisms used in 6LoWPAN/6Lo environments creates the need to signal when a packet header has been compressed by using SCHC. To this end, the present document specifies the SCHC Dispatch. The SCHC Dispatch indicates that the next field in the frame format is a SCHC- compressed header. The latter corresponds to a packet header that has been compressed by using SCHC. As defined in [RFC8724], the SCHC Header comprises a RuleID, and a compression residue. This document defines the SCHC Dispatch as a 6LoWPAN Dispatch Type for SCHC header compression, based on exploiting RFC 8025 Dispatch type space and the concept of "pages" [RFC8025]. With the aim to minimize overhead, the present document allocates a whole page (Page 2) for the SCHC Dispatch Type: SCHC Dispatch Type bit pattern: 11110010 (Page 2) (Note: to be confirmed by IANA)) TO-DO: RuleID discussion 4.2. Padding If SCHC header compression leads to a SCHC Packet size of a non- integer number of bytes, padding bits of value equal to zero MUST be appended to the SCHC Packet as appropriate to align to an octet boundary. 5. SCHC compression for IPv6, UDP, and CoAP headers SCHC header compression may be applied to the headers of different protocols or sets of protocols. Some examples include: i) IPv6 packet headers, ii) joint IPv6 and UDP packet headers, iii) joint IPv6, UDP and CoAP packet headers, etc. IPv6 and UDP header fields MUST be compressed as per Section 10 of RFC 8724. TO-DO: adaptation of DevIID and AppIID in 802.15.4 environments CoAP header fields MUST be compressed as per Sections 4 to 6 of RFC 8824. TO-DO: provide examples for IPv6-only, IPv6/UDP and IPv6/UDP/CoAP. Gomez & Minaburo Expires January 11, 2022 [Page 6] Internet-Draft SCHC compression for 6Lo July 2021 6. Fragmentation and reassembly After applying SCHC header compression to a packet intended for transmission, if the size of the resulting frame format (Section 4) exceeds the IEEE 802.15.4 frame payload space available, such frame format MUST be fragmented, carried and reassembled by means of 6LoWPAN fragmentation and reassembly [RFC4944][RFC8931]. 7. IANA Considerations This document requests the allocation of the Dispatch Type Field bit pattern 11110010 (Page 2) as SCHC Dispatch Type. 8. Security Considerations TBD 9. Acknowledgments Ana Minaburo and Laurent Toutain suggested for the first time the use of SCHC in environments where 6LoWPAN has traditionally been used. Laurent Toutain made comments that helped shape this document. Carles Gomez has been funded in part by the Spanish Government through project PID2019-106808RA-I00, and by Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 through grant SGR 376. 10. References 10.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC4944] Montenegro, G., Kushalnagar, N., Hui, J., and D. Culler, "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks", RFC 4944, DOI 10.17487/RFC4944, September 2007, . [RFC6282] Hui, J., Ed. and P. Thubert, "Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-Based Networks", RFC 6282, DOI 10.17487/RFC6282, September 2011, . Gomez & Minaburo Expires January 11, 2022 [Page 7] Internet-Draft SCHC compression for 6Lo July 2021 [RFC7252] Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., and C. Bormann, "The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7252, DOI 10.17487/RFC7252, June 2014, . [RFC8025] Thubert, P., Ed. and R. Cragie, "IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Paging Dispatch", RFC 8025, DOI 10.17487/RFC8025, November 2016, . [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . [RFC8724] Minaburo, A., Toutain, L., Gomez, C., Barthel, D., and JC. Zuniga, "SCHC: Generic Framework for Static Context Header Compression and Fragmentation", RFC 8724, DOI 10.17487/RFC8724, April 2020, . [RFC8824] Minaburo, A., Toutain, L., and R. Andreasen, "Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) for the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 8824, DOI 10.17487/RFC8824, June 2021, . [RFC8931] Thubert, P., Ed., "IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Selective Fragment Recovery", RFC 8931, DOI 10.17487/RFC8931, November 2020, . 10.2. Informative References [I-D.toutain-6lo-6lo-and-schc] Minaburo, A. and L. Toutain, "Comparison of 6lo and SCHC", draft-toutain-6lo-6lo-and-schc-00 (work in progress), November 2019. [RFC9006] Gomez, C., Crowcroft, J., and M. Scharf, "TCP Usage Guidance in the Internet of Things (IoT)", RFC 9006, DOI 10.17487/RFC9006, March 2021, . Authors' Addresses Gomez & Minaburo Expires January 11, 2022 [Page 8] Internet-Draft SCHC compression for 6Lo July 2021 Carles Gomez UPC C/Esteve Terradas, 7 Castelldefels 08860 Spain Email: carlesgo@entel.upc.edu Ana Minaburo Acklio 1137A avenue des Champs Blancs Cesson-Sevigne Cedex 35510 France Email: ana@ackl.io Gomez & Minaburo Expires January 11, 2022 [Page 9]