Network Working Group E. Foudil Internet-Draft Intended status: Informational Y. Shafranovich Expires: June 30, 2018 Nightwatch Cybersecurity December 27, 2017 A Method for Web Security Policies draft-foudil-securitytxt-02 Abstract When security risks in web services are discovered by independent security researchers who understand the severity of the risk, they often lack the channels to properly disclose them. As a result, security issues may be left unreported. security.txt defines a standard to help organizations define the process for security researchers to securely disclose security vulnerabilities. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on June 30, 2018. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 1] Internet-Draft A Method for Web Security Policies December 2017 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1. Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. The Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. Separate Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3. Contact: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.4. Encryption: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.5. Signature: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.6. Policy: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.7. Acknowledgement: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.8. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. Location of the security.txt file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1. Web-based services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2. File systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3. Internal hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.4. Extensibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. File Format Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.1. Well-Known URIs registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6.2. Registry for security.txt Header Fields . . . . . . . . . 9 7. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.3. URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Appendix A. Note to Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Appendix B. Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 B.1. Since draft-foudil-securitytxt-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 B.2. Since draft-foudil-securitytxt-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1. Introduction 1.1. Motivation Many security researchers encounter situations where they are unable to responsibly disclose security issues to companies because there is no course of action laid out. security.txt is designed to help assist in this process by making it easier for companies to designate the preferred steps for researchers to take when trying to reach out. Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 2] Internet-Draft A Method for Web Security Policies December 2017 As per section 4 of [RFC2142], there is an existing convention of using the SECURITY@domain [1] email address for communications regarding security issues. That convention provides only a single, email-based channel of communication for security issues per domain, and does not provide a way for domain owners to publish information about their security disclosure policies. In this document, we propose a richer, machine-parsable and more extensible way for companies to communicate information about their security disclosure policies, which is not limited to email and also allows for additional features such as encryption. 1.2. Terminology In this document, the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. 2. The Specification security.txt is a text file that should be located under the /.well- known/ path ("/.well-known/security.txt") [RFC5785] for web properties. For file systems and version control repositories a .security.txt file should be placed in the root directory. This text file contains 4 directives with different values. The "directive" is the first part of a field all the way up to the colon ("Contact:"). Directives are case-insensitive. The "value" comes after the directive ("https://example.com/security"). A "field" always consists of a directive and a value ("Contact: https://example.com/ security"). A security.txt file can have an unlimited number of fields. It is important to note that you need a separate line for every field. One MUST NOT chain multiple values for a single directive. Everything MUST be in a separate field. A security.txt file only applies to the domain, subdomain, IPv4 or IPv6 address it is located in. # The following only applies to example.com. https://example.com/.well-known/security.txt # This only applies to subdomain.example.com. https://subdomain.example.com/.well-known/security.txt # This security.txt file applies to 192.0.2.0. http://192.0.2.0/.well-known/security.txt Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 3] Internet-Draft A Method for Web Security Policies December 2017 2.1. Comments Comments can be added using the # symbol: # This is a comment. You MAY use one or more comments as descriptive text immediately before the field. Parsers can then associate the comments with the respective field. 2.2. Separate Fields A separate line is required for every new value and field. You MUST NOT chain everything in to a single field. Every line must end with a line feed character (%x0A). 2.3. Contact: Add an address that researchers MAY use for reporting security issues. The value can be an email address, a phone number and/or a contact page with more information. The "Contact:" directive MUST always be present in a security.txt file. URIs SHOULD be loaded over HTTPS. Security email addresses SHOULD use the conventions defined in section 4 of [RFC2142], but there is no requirement for this directive to be an email address. While URIs already include the ability to have both email address and phone numbers via "mailto" and "tel" prefixes, allowing this information to be listed without a prefix is intended for ease of use and readability. The precedence is in listed order. The first field is the preferred method of contact. In the example below, the e-mail address is the preferred method of contact. Contact: security@example.com Contact: +1-201-555-0123 Contact: https://example.com/security-contact.html 2.4. Encryption: This directive allows you to add your key for encrypted communication. You MUST NOT directly add your key. The value MUST be a link to a page which contains your key. Keys SHOULD be loaded over HTTPS. Encryption: https://example.com/pgp-key.txt Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 4] Internet-Draft A Method for Web Security Policies December 2017 2.5. Signature: In order to ensure the authenticty of the security.txt file one SHOULD use the "Signature:" directive, which allows you to link to an external signature. External signature files should be named "security.txt.sig" and also be placed under the /.well-known/ path. External signature files SHOULD be loaded over HTTPS. Here is an example of an external signature file. Signature: https://example.com/.well-known/security.txt.sig 2.6. Policy: With the Policy directive you can link to where your security policy and/or disclosure policy is located. This can help security researchers understand what you are looking for and how to report security vulnerabilities. Policy: https://example.com/security-policy.html 2.7. Acknowledgement: This directive allows you to link to a page where security researchers are recognized for their reports. The page should list individuals or companies that disclosed security vulnerabilities and worked with you to remediate the issue. Acknowledgement: https://example.com/hall-of-fame.html Example security acknowledgements page: We would like to thank the following researchers: (2017-04-15) Frank Denis - Reflected cross-site scripting (2017-01-02) Alice Quinn - SQL injection (2016-12-24) John Buchner - Stored cross-site scripting (2016-06-10) Anna Richmond - A server configuration issue 2.8. Example Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 5] Internet-Draft A Method for Web Security Policies December 2017 # Our security address Contact: security@example.com # Our PGP key Encryption: https://example.com/pgp-key.txt # Our security policy Encryption: https://example.com/security-policy.html # Our security acknowledgements page Acknowledgement: https://example.com/hall-of-fame.html # Verify this security.txt file Signature: https://example.com/.well-known/security.txt.sig 3. Location of the security.txt file External +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Default | | +-----------------------------+ +----------------+ | | | | Redirect | | | | | /.well-known/security.txt <----------+ security.txt | | | | | | | | | +-----------------------------+ +----------------+ | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ Internal +------------------------+ | | | +------------------+ | | | | | | | /.security.txt | | | | | | | +------------------+ | | | +------------------------+ 3.1. Web-based services Web-based services SHOULD place the security.txt file under the /.well-known/ path; e.g. https://example.com/.well-known/ security.txt. Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 6] Internet-Draft A Method for Web Security Policies December 2017 3.2. File systems File systems SHOULD place the security.txt file under the root directory; e.g. /.security.txt, C:.security.txt. user:/$ l .security.txt example-directory-1/ example-directory-2/ example-directory-3/ example-file 3.3. Internal hosts A .security.txt file SHOULD be placed in the root directory of an internal host to trigger incident response. 3.4. Extensibility Like many other formats and protocols, this format may need to be extended over time to fit the ever-changing landscape of the Internet. Therefore, extensibility is provided via an IANA registry for headers fields as defined in Section 6.2. Any fields registered via that process MUST be considered optional. In order to encourage extensibility and interoperability, implementors MUST ignore any fields they do not explicitly support. 4. File Format Description The expected file format of the security.txt file is plain text as defined in section 4.1.3 of [RFC2046] and encoded in UTF-8. The following is an ABNF definition of the security.txt format, using the conventions defined in [RFC5234]. body = *line (contact-field eol) *line line = *1(field / comment) eol eol = *WSP [CR] LF field = contact-field / encryption-field / acknowledgement-field / ext-field fs = ":" comment = "#" *(WSP / VCHAR / %xA0-E007F) Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 7] Internet-Draft A Method for Web Security Policies December 2017 contact-field = "Contact" fs SP (email / uri / phone) email = phone = "+" *1(DIGIT / "-" / "(" / ")" / SP) uri = encryption-field = "Encryption" fs SP uri signature-field = "Signature" fs SP uri policy-field = "Policy" fs SP uri acknowledgement-field = "Acknowledgement" fs SP uri ext-field = field-name fs SP unstructured field-name = unstructured = "ext-field" refers to extension fields, which are discussed in Section 3.4 5. Security considerations Organizations creating security.txt files will need to take several security-related issues into consideration. These include exposure of sensitive information and attacks where limited access to a server could grant the ability to modify the contents of the security.txt file or affect how it is served. Organizations SHOULD also monitor their security.txt files regularly to detect tampering. To ensure the authenticity of the security.txt file, organizations SHOULD sign the file and include the signature using the "Signature:" directive. As stated in Section 2.4 and Section 2.5, both encryption keys and external signature files SHOULD be loaded over HTTPS. 6. IANA Considerations example.com is used in this document following the uses indicated in [RFC2606]. 192.0.2.0 is used in this document following the uses indicated in [RFC5735]. Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 8] Internet-Draft A Method for Web Security Policies December 2017 6.1. Well-Known URIs registry The "Well-Known URIs" registry should be updated with the following additional values (using the template from [RFC5785]): URI suffix: security.txt URI suffix: security.txt.sig Change controller: IETF Specification document(s): this document 6.2. Registry for security.txt Header Fields IANA is requested to create the "security.txt Header Fields" registry in accordance with [RFC8126]. This registry will contain header fields for use in security.txt files, defined by this specification. New registrations or updates MUST be published in accordance with the "Specification Required" guidelines as described in section 4.6 of [RFC8126]. Any new field thus registered is considered optional by this specification unless a new version of this specification is published. New registrations and updates MUST contain the following information: 1. Name of the field being registered or updated 2. Short description of the field 3. Whether the field can appear more than once 4. The document in which the specification of the field is published 5. New or updated status, which MUST be one of: current: The field is in current use deprecated: The field is in current use but its use is discouraged historic: The field is no longer in current use An update may make a notation on an existing registration indicating that a registered field is historic or deprecated if appropriate. The initial registry contains these values: Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 9] Internet-Draft A Method for Web Security Policies December 2017 Field Name: Acknowledgment Description: link to page where security researchers are recognized Multiple Appearances: Yes Published in: this document Status: current Field Name: Contact Description: contact information to use for reporting security issues Multiple Appearances: Yes Published in: this document Status: current Field Name: Encryption Description: link to a key to be used for encrypted communication Multiple Appearances: Yes Published in: this document Status: current Field Name: Signature Description: signature used to verify the authenticity of the file Multiple Appearances: No Published in: this document Status: current Field Name: Policy Description: link to security policy page Multiple Appearances: No Published in: this document Status: current 7. Contributors The editor would like to acknowledge the help provided during the development of this document by the following individuals: o Tom Hudson helped writing the "File Format Description" and wrote several security.txt parsers. o Joel Margolis was a big help when it came to wording this document appropriately. o Jobert Abma for raising issues and concerns that might arise when using certain directives. o Gerben Janssen van Doorn for reviewing this document multiple times. o Austin Heap for helping improve the Internet drafts. Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 10] Internet-Draft A Method for Web Security Policies December 2017 o Justin Calmus was always there to answer questions related to writing this document. o Casey Ellis had several ideas related to security.txt that helped shape security.txt itself. 8. References 8.1. Normative References [RFC2046] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types", RFC 2046, DOI 10.17487/RFC2046, November 1996, . [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC2142] Crocker, D., "Mailbox Names for Common Services, Roles and Functions", RFC 2142, DOI 10.17487/RFC2142, May 1997, . [RFC2606] Eastlake 3rd, D. and A. Panitz, "Reserved Top Level DNS Names", BCP 32, RFC 2606, DOI 10.17487/RFC2606, June 1999, . [RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005, . [RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008, . [RFC5322] Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322, DOI 10.17487/RFC5322, October 2008, . [RFC5735] Cotton, M. and L. Vegoda, "Special Use IPv4 Addresses", RFC 5735, DOI 10.17487/RFC5735, January 2010, . Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 11] Internet-Draft A Method for Web Security Policies December 2017 [RFC5785] Nottingham, M. and E. Hammer-Lahav, "Defining Well-Known Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs)", RFC 5785, DOI 10.17487/RFC5785, April 2010, . 8.2. Informative References [RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017, . 8.3. URIs [1] mailto:SECURITY@domain Appendix A. Note to Readers *Note to the RFC Editor:* Please remove this section prior to publication. Development of this draft takes place on Github at: https://github.com/securitytxt/security-txt Appendix B. Document History *Note to the RFC Editor:* Please remove this section prior to publication. B.1. Since draft-foudil-securitytxt-00 o Moved to use IETF's markdown tools for draft updates o Added table of contents and a fuller list of references o Moved file to .well-known URI and added IANA registration (#3) o Added extensibility with an IANA registry for fields (#34) o Added text explaining relationship to RFC 2142 / security@ email address (#25) o Scope expanded to include internal hosts, domains, IP addresses and file systems o Support for digital signatures added (#19) Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 12] Internet-Draft A Method for Web Security Policies December 2017 Full list of changes can be viewed via the IETF document tracker: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-foudil-securitytxt-01 B.2. Since draft-foudil-securitytxt-01 o Added appendix with pointer to Github and document history o Added external signature file to the well known URI registry (#59) o Added policy field (#53) o Added diagram explaining the location of the file on public vs. internal systems o Added recommendation that external signature files should use HTTPS (#55) o Added recommendation that organizations should monitor their security.txt files (#14) Full list of changes can be viewed via the IETF document tracker: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-foudil-securitytxt-02 Authors' Addresses Edwin Foudil Email: contact@edoverflow.com Yakov Shafranovich Nightwatch Cybersecurity Email: yakov+ietf@nightwatchcybersecurity.com Foudil & Shafranovich Expires June 30, 2018 [Page 13]