Network Working Group C. Daboo
Internet-Draft Apple
Intended status: Standards Track B. Desruisseaux
Expires: April 19, 2013 Oracle
October 18, 2012

Calendar Availability
draft-daboo-calendar-availability-02

Abstract

This document specifies a new iCalendar calendar component that allows the publication of available and unavailable time periods associated with a calendar user. This component can be used in standard iCalendar free-busy lookups, including iTIP free-busy requests, to generate repeating blocks of available or busy time with exceptions as needed.

This document also defines extensions to CalDAV calendar-access and calendar-auto-schedule which specify how this new calendar component should be used when doing free-busy time evaluation in CalDAV.

Editorial Note (To be removed by RFC Editor before publication)

Discussion of this specification is taking place on the mailing list http://lists.osafoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf-caldav.

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http:/⁠/⁠datatracker.ietf.org/⁠drafts/⁠current/⁠.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

This Internet-Draft will expire on April 19, 2013.

Copyright Notice

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Often calendar users have regular periods of time when they are either available to be scheduled or always unavailable. For example, an office worker will often wish to only appear free to their work colleagues during normal 'office hours' (e.g., Monday through Friday, 9 am through 5 pm). Or, a university professor may only be available to students during a set period of time (e.g., Thursday afternoons, 2 pm through 5 pm during term time only). Ideally users should be able to specify such periods directly via their calendar user agent, and have them automatically considered as part of the normal free-busy lookup for that user. In addition it should be possible to present different periods of available time depending on which user is making the request.

iCalendar [RFC5545] defines a "VFREEBUSY" component that can be used to represent fixed busy time periods, but it does does not provide a way to specify a repeating period of available or unavailable time. Since repeating patterns are often the case, "VFREEBUSY" components are not sufficient to solve this problem.

This specification defines a new type of iCalendar calendar component that can be used to publish user availability.

CalDAV [RFC4791] provides a way for calendar users to access and manage calendar data and exchange this data via scheduling operations. As part of this the, CalDAV calendar-access [RFC4791] feature provides a CALDAV:free-busy-query REPORT that returns free-busy information for a calendar collection or hierarchy of calendar collections. Also, the CalDAV calendar-auto-schedule [I-D.desruisseaux-caldav-sched] feature allows free-busy information for a calendar user to be determined. Both of these operations involve examining user calendars for events that 'block time', with the blocked out periods being returned in a "VFREEBUSY" component.

This specification extends the CalDAV calendar-access and CalDAV calendar-auto-schedule features to allow the new iCalendar availability components to be stored and manipulated, and to allow free-busy lookups to use the information from any such components, if present.

2. Conventions Used in This Document

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

When XML element types in the namespaces "DAV:" and "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav" are referenced in this document outside of the context of an XML fragment, the string "DAV:" and "CALDAV:" will be prefixed to the element type names respectively.

3. iCalendar Extensions

This specification adds a new "VAVAILABILITY" calendar component to iCalendar. The "VAVAILABILITY" component is itself a container for new "AVAILABLE" sub-components.

The purpose of the "VAVAILABILITY" calendar component is to provide a grouping of available time information over a specific range of time. Within that there are specific time ranges that are marked as available via a set of "AVAILABLE" calendar sub-components. Together these can be used to specify available time that can repeat over set periods of time, and which can vary over time.

3.1. Availability Component

       availabilityc  = "BEGIN" ":" "VAVAILABILITY" CRLF
                        availabilityprop *availablec
                        "END" ":" "VAVAILABILITY" CRLF

       availabilityprop  = *(
                         ;
                         ; the following are REQUIRED,
                         ; but MUST NOT occur more than once
                         ;
                         dtstamp / uid
                         ;
                         ; the following are OPTIONAL,
                         ; but MUST NOT occur more than once
                         ;
                         busytype / class / created / description /
                         dtstart / last-mod / organizer / seq /
                         summary / url /
                         ;
                         ; either 'dtend' or 'duration' MAY appear
                         ; once, but 'dtend' and 'duration' MUST
                         ; NOT occur in the same 'availabilityprop'.
                         ;
                         dtend / duration /
                         ;
                         ; the following are OPTIONAL,
                         ; and MAY occur more than once
                         ;
                         categories / comment / contact /
                         x-prop / iana-prop
                         ;
                         )

       availablec  = "BEGIN" ":" "AVAILABLE" CRLF
                     availableprop
                     "END" ":" "AVAILABLE" CRLF

       availableprop  = *(
                      ;
                      ; the following are REQUIRED,
                      ; but MUST NOT occur more than once
                      ;
                      dtstamp / dtstart / uid /
                      ;
                      ; either 'dtend' or 'duration' MAY appear
                      ; once, but 'dtend' and 'duration' MUST NOT
                      ; occur in the same 'availableprop'.
                      ; 'duration' MUST NOT be present if 'dtstart'
                      ; is not present
                      ;
                      dtend / duration /
                      ;
                      ; the following are OPTIONAL,
                      ; but MUST NOT occur more than once
                      ;
                      created / description / geo / last-mod /
                      location / recurid / rrule / summary /
                      ;
                      ; the following are OPTIONAL,
                      ; and MAY occur more than once
                      ;
                      categories / comment / contact / exdate /
                      rdate / x-prop / iana-prop

                      )
     BEGIN:VAVAILABILITY
     ORGANIZER:mailto:bernard@example.com
     UID:20111005T133225Z-00001@example.com
     DTSTAMP:20111005T133225Z
     BEGIN:AVAILABLE
     UID:20111005T133225Z-00001-A@example.com
     SUMMARY:Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 17:00
     DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T090000
     DTEND;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T170000
     RRULE:FREQ=WEEKLY;BYDAY=MO,TU,WE,TH,FR
     END:AVAILABLE
     END:VAVAILABILITY
     BEGIN:VAVAILABILITY
     ORGANIZER:mailto:bernard@example.com
     UID:20111005T133225Z-00001@example.com
     DTSTAMP:20111005T133225Z
     DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T000000
     DTEND;TZID=America/Montreal:20111202T000000
     BEGIN:AVAILABLE
     UID:20111005T133225Z-00001-A@example.com
     SUMMARY:Monday to Thursday from 9:00 to 17:00
     DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T090000
     DTEND;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T170000
     RRULE:FREQ=WEEKLY;BYDAY=MO,TU,WE,TH
     END:AVAILABLE
     BEGIN:AVAILABLE
     UID:20111005T133225Z-00001-B@example.com
     SUMMARY:Friday from 9:00 to 12:00
     DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111006T090000
     DTEND;TZID=America/Montreal:20111006T120000
     RRULE:FREQ=WEEKLY
     END:AVAILABLE
     END:VAVAILABILITY
     BEGIN:VAVAILABILITY
     ORGANIZER:mailto:bernard@example.com
     UID:20111005T133225Z-00001@example.com
     DTSTAMP:20111005T133225Z
     DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T000000
     DTEND;TZID=America/Montreal:20111023T030000
     BEGIN:AVAILABLE
     UID:20111005T133225Z-00001-A@example.com
     SUMMARY:Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 17:00
     DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T090000
     DTEND;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T170000
     RRULE:FREQ=WEEKLY;BYDAY=MO,TU,WE,TH,FR
     END:AVAILABLE
     END:VAVAILABILITY
     BEGIN:VAVAILABILITY
     ORGANIZER:mailto:bernard@example.com
     UID:20111005T133225Z-00001@example.com
     DTSTAMP:20111005T133225Z
     DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20111023T000000
     DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20111030T000000
     BEGIN:AVAILABLE
     UID:20111005T133225Z-00001-A@example.com
     SUMMARY:Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 17:00
     DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20111023T090000
     DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20111023T170000
     RRULE:FREQ=WEEKLY;BYDAY=MO,TU,WE,TH,FR
     END:AVAILABLE
     END:VAVAILABILITY
     BEGIN:VAVAILABILITY
     ORGANIZER:mailto:bernard@example.com
     UID:20111005T133225Z-00001@example.com
     DTSTAMP:20111005T133225Z
     DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111030T030000
     BEGIN:AVAILABLE
     UID:20111005T133225Z-00001-A@example.com
     SUMMARY:Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 17:00
     DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111030T090000
     DTEND;TZID=America/Montreal:20111030T170000
     RRULE:FREQ=WEEKLY;BYDAY=MO,TU,WE,TH,FR
     END:AVAILABLE
     END:VAVAILABILITY

Component Name:
VAVAILABILITY
Purpose:
Provide a grouping of component properties that describe the availability associated with a calendar user.
Format Definition:
A "VAVAILABILITY" calendar component is defined by the following notation:
Description:
A "VAVAILABILITY" component indicates a period of time within which availability information is provided. A "VAVAILABILITY" component can specify a start time and an end time or duration. If "DTSTART" is not present, then the start time is unbounded. If "DTEND" or "DURATION" are not present, then the end time is unbounded. Within the specified time period, availability defaults to a free-busy type of "BUSY-UNAVAILABLE", except for any time periods corresponding to "AVAILABLE" sub-components.
"AVAILABLE" sub-components are used to indicate periods of free time within the time range of the enclosing "VAVAILABILITY" component. "AVAILABLE" sub-components MAY include recurrence properties to specify recurring periods of time, which may be overridden using normal recurrence behavior (i.e., use of the "RECURRENCE-ID" property).
If specified, the "DTSTART" and "DTEND" properties in "VAVAILABILITY" components and "AVAILABLE" sub-components MUST be "DATE-TIME" values specified as either date with UTC time or date with local time and a time zone reference.
If any property with a "DATE-TIME" value is present in a "VAVAILABILITY" component or any of its "AVAILABLE" sub-components, and that property includes a "TZID" parameter, then the iCalendar object containing the "VAVAILABILITY" component MUST contain "VTIMEZONE" components corresponding to each unique "TZID" parameter value.
When used to publish available time, the "ORGANIZER" property specifies the calendar user associated with the published available time.
Example:
The following is an example of a "VAVAILABILITY" calendar component used to represent the availability of a user always available Monday through Friday, 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM in the America/Montreal time zone:

3.2. Busy Time Type

     busytype      = "BUSYTYPE" busytypeparam ":" busytypevalue CRLF

     busytypeparam = *(";" other-param)

     busytypevalue = "BUSY" / "BUSY-UNAVAILABLE" /
                     "BUSY-TENTATIVE" / iana-token / x-name
                     ; Default is "BUSY-UNAVAILABLE".
     BUSYTYPE:BUSY

Property Name:
BUSYTYPE
Purpose:
This property specifies the default busy time type.
Value Type:
TEXT
Property Parameters:
IANA and non-standard property parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance:
This property can be specified within "VAVAILABILITY" calendar components.
Format Definition:
This property is defined by the following notation:
Description:
This property is used to specify the default busy time type. The values correspond to those used by the "FBTYPE" parameter used on a "FREEBUSY" property, with the exception that the "FREE" value is not used in this property. If not specified on a component that allows this property, the default is "BUSY-UNAVAILABLE".
Example:
The following is an example of this property:

4. Calculating Free-Busy Time

This section describes how free-busy time information for a calendar user is calculated in the presence of "VAVAILABILITY" calendar components.

An iCalendar "VFREEBUSY" component is used to convey "rolled-up" free-busy time information for a calendar user. This can be generated as the result of an iTIP free-busy [RFC5546] request or through some other mechanism (e.g., a CalDAV calendar-access CALDAV:free-busy-query REPORT).

When a "VAVAILABILITY" component is present and intersects the time-range for the free-busy request, the time covered by the "VAVAILABILITY" component is set to busy and then portions of it "carved out" to be free based on the "AVAILABLE" components in the "VAVAILABILITY" component. Once that is done, regular "VEVENT" and "VFREEBUSY" components can be "overlaid" in the usual way to block out additional time.

An example procedure for this is as follows:

  1. Initially mark the entire period of the free-busy request as free.
  2. For each "VAVAILABILITY" component:
    1. Determine if the "VAVAILABILITY" intersects the time-range of the free-busy request. If not ignore it.
    2. For the time period covered by the "VAVAILABILITY" component, mark time in the free-busy request result set as busy, using the busy time type derived from the "BUSYTYPE" property in the "VAVAILABILITY" component.

  3. For each intersecting "VAVAILABILITY" component:
    1. For each "AVAILABLE" component in the "VAVAILABILITY" component:
      1. Expand all recurring instances, taking into account overridden instances, ignoring those not within the free-busy request time-range.
      2. For each instance, mark the corresponding time in the free-busy request result set as free.

  4. For each "VEVENT" or "VFREEBUSY" component apply normal free-busy processing within the free-busy request time-range.

4.1. Examples

In the examples below a table is used to represent time slots for the period of a free-busy request. Each time slot is two hours long. The column header represents the hours from midnight local time. Each row below the column headers represents a step in the free-busy result set determination, following the procedure outlined above.

Each cell in the rows below the column header contains a single character that represents the free-busy type for the corresponding time period at the end of the process step represented by the row. The characters in the row are:

Character Meaning
F Represents "FREE" time in that slot.
B Represents "BUSY" time in that slot.
U Represents "BUSY-UNAVAILABLE" time in that slot.
T Represents "BUSY-TENTATIVE" time in that slot.

4.1.1. Simple Example

A free-busy request for Monday, 6th November 2011, midnight to midnight in the America/Montreal timezone.

The user's calendar is as shown in Appendix Appendix A. This includes one "VAVAILABILITY" component giving available time within the requested time-range of 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM, together with one "VEVENT" component representing a two hour meeting starting at 12:00 PM.

Step 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
1. F F F F F F F F F F F F
2. U U U U U U U U U U U U
3. U U U U F F F F F U U U
4. U U U U F F B F F U U U

4.1.2. TBD

More examples here../not sure what though.

5. CalDAV Extensions

5.1. CalDAV Requirements Overview

This section lists what functionality is required of a CalDAV server which supports this extension. A server:

5.2. New features in CalDAV

5.2.1. Calendar Availability Support

A server supporting the features described in this document MUST include "calendar-availability" as a field in the DAV response header from an OPTIONS request on any resource that supports any calendar properties, reports, method, or privilege. A value of "calendar-availability" in the DAV response header MUST indicate that the server supports all MUST level requirements specified in this document.

5.2.1.1. Example: Using OPTIONS for the Discovery of Calendar Availability Support

>> Request <<

   OPTIONS /home/bernard/calendars/ HTTP/1.1
   Host: cal.example.com

>> Response <<

   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   Allow: OPTIONS, GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, TRACE, COPY, MOVE
   Allow: PROPFIND, PROPPATCH, LOCK, UNLOCK, REPORT, ACL
   DAV: 1, 2, 3, access-control, calendar-access,
    calendar-availability
   Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2005 09:32:12 GMT
   Content-Length: 0

In this example, the OPTIONS method returns the value "calendar-availability" in the DAV response header to indicate that the collection "/home/bernard/calendars/" supports the new features defined in this specification.

5.2.2. CALDAV:free-busy-query REPORT

A CALDAV:free-busy-query REPORT can be executed on a calendar collection that contains iCalendar "VAVAILABILITY" components. When that is done, the server MUST aggregate the information in any "VAVAILABILITY" components when generating the free-busy response, as described in Section 4.

5.2.3. CALDAV:calendar-availability Property

   <!ELEMENT calendar-availability (#PCDATA) >
   ; Data value MUST be iCalendar object containing
   ; "VAVAILABILITY" or "VTIMEZONE" components.
                
    <C:calendar-availability xmlns:D="DAV:"
       xmlns:C="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav"
    >BEGIN:VCALENDAR
    CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
    PRODID:-//example.com//iCalendar 2.0//EN
    VERSION:2.0
    BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
    LAST-MODIFIED:20040110T032845Z
    TZID:America/Montreal
    BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
    DTSTART:20000404T020000
    RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=1SU;BYMONTH=4
    TZNAME:EDT
    TZOFFSETFROM:-0500
    TZOFFSETTO:-0400
    END:DAYLIGHT
    BEGIN:STANDARD
    DTSTART:20001026T020000
    RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10
    TZNAME:EST
    TZOFFSETFROM:-0400
    TZOFFSETTO:-0500
    END:STANDARD
    END:VTIMEZONE
    BEGIN:VAVAILABILITY
    UID:20111005T133225Z-00001@example.com
    DTSTAMP:20111005T133225Z
    DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T000000
    BEGIN:AVAILABLE
    UID:20111005T133225Z-00001-A@example.com
    SUMMARY:Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 18:00
    DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T090000
    DTEND;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T180000
    RRULE:FREQ=WEEKLY;BYDAY=MO,TU,WE,TH,FR
    END:AVAILABLE
    END:VAVAILABILITY
    END:VCALENDAR
    </C:calendar-availability>
                

Name:
calendar-availability
Namespace:
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav
Purpose:
Defines a "VAVAILABILITY" component that will be used in calculating free-busy time when an iTIP free-busy request is targeted at the calendar user who owns the Inbox.
Conformance:
This property MAY be protected and SHOULD NOT be returned by a PROPFIND DAV:allprop request. Support for this property is REQUIRED. The value of this property MUST be a valid iCalendar object containing "VAVAILABILITY" components and "VTIMEZONE" components (if required) only.
Description:
This property allows a user to specify their availability by including "VAVAILABILITY" components in the value of this property. If present, the server MUST use these "VAVAILABILITY" components when determining free-busy information as part of an iTIP free-busy request being handled by the server.
Definition:
Example:

5.2.4. iTIP free-busy requests

The [I-D.desruisseaux-caldav-sched] processing of an iTIP free-busy request targeted at the owner of the CALDAV:schedule-inbox will include free-busy information derived from "VAVAILABILITY" components in any calendar collection targeted during the request, as described in Section 4. In addition, any "VAVAILABILITY" components specified in the CALDAV:calendar-availability property on the owner's Inbox, MUST be included in the free-busy calculation.

6. Security Considerations

Free-busy information generated from "VAVAILABILITY" components MUST NOT include information other than busy or free time periods. In particular, user specified property values such as "SUMMARY" and "DESCRIPTION" MUST NOT be copied into the free-busy result data.

Beyond this, this specification does not add any additional security issues that are not already present in [RFC5545] and [RFC5546].

7. IANA Considerations

7.1. Component Registrations

This documents defines the following new iCalendar components to be added to the registry defined in Section 8.2.2 of [RFC5545]:

Component Status Reference
VAVAILABILITY Current RFCXXXX, Section 3.1
AVAILABLE Current RFCXXXX, Section 3.1

7.2. Property Registrations

This documents defines the following new iCalendar properties to be added to the registry defined in Section 8.2.3 of [RFC5545]:

Property Status Reference
BUSYTYPE Current RFCXXXX, Section 3.2

8. Acknowledgments

Thanks to the following for providing feedback: Toby Considine, Mike Douglass, and Dave Thewlis. This specification came about via discussions at the Calendaring and Scheduling Consortium.

9. References

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC4791] Daboo, C., Desruisseaux, B. and L.M. Dusseault, "Calendaring Extensions to WebDAV (CalDAV)", RFC 4791, March 2007.
[RFC5545] Desruisseaux, B., "Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification (iCalendar)", RFC 5545, September 2009.
[RFC5546] Daboo, C., "iCalendar Transport-Independent Interoperability Protocol (iTIP)", RFC 5546, December 2009.
[I-D.desruisseaux-caldav-sched] Daboo, C and B Desruisseaux, "CalDAV Scheduling Extensions to WebDAV", Internet-Draft draft-desruisseaux-caldav-sched-10, September 2011.

Appendix A. Example Calendar #1

iCalendar object

    BEGIN:VCALENDAR
    CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
    PRODID:-//example.com//iCalendar 2.0//EN
    VERSION:2.0
    BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
    LAST-MODIFIED:20040110T032845Z
    TZID:America/Montreal
    BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
    DTSTART:20000404T020000
    RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=1SU;BYMONTH=4
    TZNAME:EDT
    TZOFFSETFROM:-0500
    TZOFFSETTO:-0400
    END:DAYLIGHT
    BEGIN:STANDARD
    DTSTART:20001026T020000
    RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10
    TZNAME:EST
    TZOFFSETFROM:-0400
    TZOFFSETTO:-0500
    END:STANDARD
    END:VTIMEZONE
    BEGIN:VEVENT
    DTSTAMP:20111113T044111Z
    DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111106T120000
    DURATION:PT1H
    SUMMARY:Meeting
    UID:60A48841ECB90F3F215FE3D2@example.com
    END:VEVENT
    BEGIN:VAVAILABILITY
    UID:20111005T133225Z-00001@example.com
    DTSTAMP:20111005T133225Z
    DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T000000
    BEGIN:AVAILABLE
    UID:20111005T133225Z-00001-A@example.com
    SUMMARY:Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 18:00
    DTSTART;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T090000
    DTEND;TZID=America/Montreal:20111002T180000
    RRULE:FREQ=WEEKLY;BYDAY=MO,TU,WE,TH,FR
    END:AVAILABLE
    END:VAVAILABILITY
    END:VCALENDAR

Appendix B. Change History (To be removed by RFC Editor before publication)

Changes in -02:

  1. Updated to 5545/5546 references.
  2. Fixed some examples.
  3. Added some more properties to the components
  4. Fixed text that said dtstart was required in VAVAILABILITY

Changes in -01:

  1. Allow property on Inbox for caldav-schedule.
  2. Clarify that DURATION can only be present in VAVAILABILITY if DTSTART is also present, and DTEND is not.
  3. Updated references.
  4. Added templates.

Authors' Addresses

Cyrus Daboo Apple Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 USA EMail: cyrus@daboo.name URI: http://www.apple.com/
Bernard Desruisseaux Oracle Corporation 600 blvd. de Maisonneuve West Suite 1900 Montreal, QC H3A 3J2 CA EMail: bernard.desruisseaux@oracle.com URI: http://www.oracle.com/