Internet Draft P.A.Aranda Gutierrez (Telefonica), Expires: June 26, 2007 I. Miloucheva (Fraunhofer), Ch. Chassot, K. Drira (CNRS-LAAS), A. Flitzikowski (UAM), S. Rao (TELSCOM) Ch. Brandauer (Salzburg Research), S. Antonio (University of Napoli), February 2007 QoS policies for heterogeneous access network environment draft-aranda-qospolicy-00.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on June 26, 2007. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). Abstract This document discusses policy concepts for management of Quality of Services (QoS) of applications in heterogeneous Internet environment. A framework is given for definitions of policies for configuration and automated adaptation of network resources, application transport parameters and QoS measurement scenarios dependent on the capabilities of heterogeneous access networks. Currently, the IETF QoS policy work is aimed at "specifying Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 1] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 and representing policies that administer, manage and control access to network QoS resources" based on DiffServ and IntServ technologies [5]. To enhance this model, policies for management of QoS of heterogeneous network infrastructures are proposed in this document. Based on the capabilities of heterogeneous access networks, the QoS policies for heterogeneous environment allow dynamic configuration and adaptation of network resource reservations, application transport parameters and QoS measurement scenarios. The policies are defined for different actors, such as users, application service providers and network operators. The hierarchical policy management is based on rules specifying adaptation of parameters of policies of actors with hierarchical relationships. Table of Contents 1. Introduction................................................... 2 2. Terminology used in this document.............................. 3 3. QoS policies for heterogeneous environment...................... 4 3.1 Actors and different kind of QoS policies...................... 4 3.2 Resource policies............................................. 5 3.3 Transport policies............................................ 7 3.4 QoS measurement policies...................................... 8 4. Heterogeneous networks QoS policy information model (HQPIM).... 10 5. Actor oriented hierarchical policy concept.......... .......... 11 6. Conclusion and further work.................................... 12 References...........................................................13 Author's Addresses.................................................. 14 1. Introduction In this document, QOS policy framework is discussed, which is aimed at automated management of QoS of applications and network resources in heterogeneous networking environment considering business goals of users, service providers, and network operators. The proposed concept of QoS policies for heterogeneous networks (HQPIM) is related to the IETF QoS policy work and extends it for further QoS business goals in heterogeneous network environment. IETF policy networking is aimed at representing, managing, sharing, and reusing policies in a vendor independent, interoperable, and scalable manner based on the Common Open Policy Service (COPS) protocol [1], [2]. IETF has also defined an extensible information model for representing policies - Policy Core Information Model (PCIM) [3] and the Common Information Model (CIM) [4]. QoS policies are defined by IETF documents to represent basic goals for network device resource configuration using IntServ and DiffServ technologies. QoS management is addressed by the QoS Policy Information Model (QPIM) [5]. Further documents are addressing policy issues for management of network device QoS datapath mechanisms [6], [7]. Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 2] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 The QoS policy model for heterogeneous networks presented in this document extents the IETF QoS policy information model considering further QoS mechanisms and business goals specific for QoS management in heterogeneous networking infrastructures. Policies in heterogeneous networks can be used to adapt QoS according business goals based on the evaluation of the characteristics (capabilities) of particular networks. Such polices can be used for: - optimal access network selection in case of handover, routing and connection redirection; - resource and service adaptation in heterogeneous network environment; - management of the interactions between heterogeneous networks for QoS provision; - traffic optimization and QoS based routing in heterogeneous networking environment. There are different approaches for QoS management in heterogeneous networks based on policies. Policies can be used for the optimization of the wireless access network selection in heterogeneous environment considering specific goals. Such goals can be expressed by QoS parameter constraints, radio channel characteristics, resource availability, and other requirements [8]. Policies can consider QoS requirements of specific services in heterogeneous environment, for instance one-to-many applications in 3G-broadcasting cooperative networks [10]. QoS Policies for heterogeneous networks can be focussed on management of administrative domain, access technology, terminal and application characteristics [11]. Specific languages, such as Chameleos [12], are used to describe QoS policies in heterogeneous environment, for instance to map a meta-policy, such as access control policy to the particular access control mechanisms of the heterogeneous systems. In this document, we give a framework for definitions of QoS policies for configuration and automated adaptation of network resources, application transport parameters and QoS measurement scenarios dependent on the capabilities of heterogeneous access networks and QoS requirements (business goals) of different kind of actors. 2. Terminology used in this document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [9]. Abbreviations used in the following text: PCIM Core Information Model COPS Common Open Policy Service QPIM QoS Policy Information Model HQPIM Heterogeneous networks QoS policy information model. Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 3] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 This Draft considers the terminology for Policy-based management [13] and extends it to specify policies considering capabilities of heterogeneous access networks. Resource policy – Policy aimed at resource configuration and adaptation for applications in heterogeneous environment dependent on user/service provider/ network operator preferences, and network capabilities. Transport policy – Policy aimed at configuration and adaptation of transport parameters of applications at particular network in order to achieve desired performance dependent of user/service provider/network operator preferences, QoS requirements and network capabilities. QoS measurement policy – Policy aimed at configuration and adaptation of QoS measurements in heterogeneous network environment dependent on the user/service provider/network operator preferences and network capabilities. Reinforcement learning – Algorithms for adaptation of higher level policies based on monitoring data and adaptation of lower level policies. Hierarchical policy rules – Rules aimed at adaptation of lower layer policies by parameters of higher level policies considering hierarchical relationships of policy actors. Policy actor – Subject, which business goals are presented with the policy. Examples for actors are user, service provider, network operator. 3. QoS policies for heterogeneous access network environment 3.1. Actors and different kind of QoS policies Heterogeneous Internet IPv6/IPv4 environment can be based on mobile and fixed access networks with different capabilities (QoS). There are different actors, which can use policies to enhance the QoS provision for applications in such environment dependent on their particular goals, preferences and conditions. Such actors are users (customers), service providers and network operators, which are able to enter their high-level business goals and policy information into the system. Hierarchical relationships of policies can be defined based on the dependencies of the policy actors. For instance, the user can specify QoS measurement policies considering related policies of the service provider and the network operator. The actors can be interested in the monitoring of different Qos characteristics, such as QoS parameter, anomalies, traffic measurements, route path quality and other [14]. The particular set of the QoS characteristics, Which are monitored by the measurement scenarios for the different networks, can be selected by policies. Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 4] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 Dependent on the QoS management goals of the actors, there are different kinds of policies, which can be specified for heterogeneous environment. - Resource policies for configuration and adaptation of resource reservations in heterogeneous access network environment dependent on the actor's (i.e. user/service provider/ operator) preferences and the network capabilities. The resource allocation for a particular network and device, can be adapted dynamically using resource policies enforced by specific conditions. In heterogeneous network environment, the different actors can use resource policies based on different goals and preferences. - Transport policy aimed at automated configuration and adaptation of flow control parameters of applications in heterogeneous access network environment in order to achieve desired performance dependent on the actor's (user/ service provider/network operator) preferences and the network capabilities. An example for transport policy is transport parameter adaptation (rate, window) of QoS aware mobile application, when mobile user moves between different access networks. - QoS measurement/monitoring policies are aimed at configuration and adaptation of QoS/SLA measurement scenarios in heterogeneous network environment dependent on the user/service provider/network operator preferences and network capabilities. The next sections observe different kind of policies for heterogeneous environment and gives particular examples. 3.2. Resource policies Resource policies control dynamically the (re-)configuration of resources at network devices dependent on the actor preferences and capabilities of the networks. IETF RFC 3644[5] defines resource policies for the network operator based on IntServ/RSVP and DiffServ technologies. This document extends the IETF resource usage policy concepts considering different policy actors and resource mapping to heterogeneous access networks (for instance UMTS, WIMAX, WLAN, DVB-T, DVB-H) with different QoS capabilities. Dependent on their hierarchical relationships, the actors have different possibilities to control the resource reservations using policies. The resource policies of the different actors are hierarchically dependent considering the actors dependencies. For example, the network operator can define policies for automated resource parameter configuration and adaptation (for instance using DiffServ or IntServ/RSVP) for heterogeneous network devices considering the specific network capabilities and traffic/performance optimisation criteria. Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 5] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 Using policies, the application service provider can specify more specific preferences for resource usage, which are derived from the network provider's policies. Finally, the user (customer) can adapt the resource reservation policies of network and service provider’s considering his own resource priorities for heterogeneous network environment. Some resource policies for heterogeneous environment are summarised below: - Configuration and adaptation of resources for network devices in heterogeneous network environment +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Policy goal | Automated resource (re-) configuration at particular | | | network device of heter. env. using common interface | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Actors | | | | Network Operator | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Preferences | Maximum traffic load threshold per resource class | | | | not exceeded | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Conditions | Proactive or reactive network planning triggers | | | ...... | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Actions | Reservations per resource classes at particular | | | network device using common interface | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ - On-demand Resource configuration & adaptation for applications in heterogeneous network environment +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Policy goal | Automated on-demand resource (re-) configuration for | | | application in particular network | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Actors | | | | Network Operator -> Service Provider -> User | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Preferences |Dependent on the actors preferences can be selected | | | | - Resources for maximum QoS guarantee | | | | - Minimum cost resource reservation | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Conditions | Handover, Network change, Failure, Load exceeded, | | | Congestion,.... | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Actions | Reservations of resource classes for applications | | | at particular network | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 6] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 3.3. Transport policies for applications Transport policies specify configuration and adaptation of transport parameters of applications at particular network in order to achieve desired performance dependent of user/service provider/network operator preferences, QoS requirements and network capabilities. Transport-level policies aim to improve performances of applications in case of constraints changes (e.g. access network changing, resource adaptation) or requirements evolving, by dynamically modifying either parameters of transport mechanisms (e.g. parameter of a partially reliable mechanism) or transport protocol internal architecture (e.g. replacement of a mechanism, typically a micro protocol, by a best suited one) [15], [16]. In the first case, the adaptation is a behavioral adaptation; in the second case, it is an architectural adaptation. Dynamic changes depend on evolving preferences and requirements expressed for instance by different kinds of actors, typically, user, application or service provider, and also depend on the constraints and capabilities of the networks. An example of behavioral adaptation–oriented transport policy in heterogeneous environment is the modification of the transmission rate of the application, when there is a change of the network capabilities (bandwidth). A specific case can be defined for automated transport parameter change in case of redirection of the application traffic from DVB-H to WLAN, or from Ethernet 10 Mb/s to Ethernet 100 Mb/s. An example of architectural adaptation–oriented transport policy in heterogeneous environment is the replacement of a window-based congestion control by a rate-based congestion control when the application requires slow bandwidth variations. Adaptation rules can be defined using hierarchically related transport policies. For instance, two high level policies, namely per connection handling, and per group of connections handling, may be defined by a user to guide the transport-level adaptation. Per connection handling means that the adaptation rules are applied independently, connection per connection, to optimize the QoS provided to the applications using these connections. Per group of connections handling means that several connections may be coordinated by the adaptation rules, allowing taking into account preferences expressed by the user between several of his/her applications. Both policies are refined in operational rules that consist in composition and parameterization rules of the transport protocol implementing each connection. These policies may be extended, generalized and applied to serve adaptation for the group communication modules used in the upper middleware layers [17]. Some examples for transport policies are: - Configuration and adaptation of transport mechanisms (e.g. window-based, or rate based or discarding-based congestion control) to support specific QoS parameters using “default” resources at particular network in heterogeneous network environment. Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 7] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Policy goal | Optimisation of application performance for | | | heterogeneous networks based on | | | automated (re-) configuration of flow control | | | parameter (for rate or window control) of applications| +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Actors | | | | Service Provider -> User | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Preferences | transport parameter preferences are selected | | | considering the capabilities of particular network,| | | (“low” quality video at WLAN, or “high” quality | | | video at DVB-T) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Conditions | Handover, application redirection | | | ...... | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Actions | (Re-) configuration of flow control parameters and | | | other transport mechanisms of application | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ - Insertion of an additional micro protocol handling classification and marking to benefit from differentiation provided by the access network +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Policy goal | Adaptation of micro protocol handling classification | | | for optimisation of performance | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Actors | | | | Service Provider -> User | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Preferences | can select preferences for transport parameters | | | considering the capabilities of access network, | | | such as management of different access categories | | | provided by IEEE 802.11e | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Conditions | Network change, Failure, Load exceeded, | | | Congestion,.... | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Actions | Insertion of an additional micro protocol | | | handling classification and marking | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3.4. QoS measurement policy Each network provider has QoS measurement policies to measure and report the quality of the applications dependent on the QoS/SLA. Measurement policies can be used to support tasks, such as proactive QoS planning, QoS problem and anomaly detection. Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 8] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 QoS measurement policies for heterogeneous environment are aimed at monitoring of the QoS behaviour dependent on QoS requirements, preferences of the actors and network capabilities. These policies are based on actions performing specific measurement scenarios for monitoring of the behaviour in heterogeneous environment. There are different parameters, which can be monitored in such scenarios - performance metrics of applications, traffic load, routing behaviour. The policies and their corresponding measurement scenarios can be adapted dynamically to support more efficient QoS/SLA of applications with monitoring data and to detect better problems in the heterogeneous infrastructure. Besides the network providers, service providers and users (customers) can be interested to configure and adapt dynamically the QoS measurement policies. Service provider and users (customers) can adapt the network provider’s policies according their own demands. The network operator can get the feedback from the adapted measurement policies of the service providers and users in order to improve / optimise his/her own policies. The policy adaptation can be based on using of rules and reinforcement learning algorithms. - Configuration and adaptation of measurement policies for QoS monitoring of particular application in heterogeneous access network environment +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Policy goal | Automated measurement policy (re-configuration) for | | | QoS/SLA monitoring of applications | | | in heterogeneous networking environment | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Actors | | | | Network Operator -> Service Provider -> User | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Preferences | Measurement cost, enhanced | | | QoS guarantee...... | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Conditions | Proactive, reactive planning triggers, | | | ...... | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Actions | (Re-) configuration of QoS monitoring scenario for | | | application | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ - Configuration and adaptation of measurement policies to detect anomalies in different networks of heterogeneous access network environment Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 9] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Policy goal | Automated measurement policy (re-)configuration for | | | anomaly detection in heterogeneous environment | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Actors | | | | Network Operator -> Service Provider -> User | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Preferences | Measurement cost, enhanced | | | QoS guarantee...... | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Conditions | Failure detection, proactive, reactive planning | | | ... | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Actions | (Re-) configuration of QoS monitoring scenario for | | | for anomaly detection of the heterogeneous | | | infrastructure | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4. Heterogeneous network QoS policy information model The IETF QoS policy information model (QPIM) is based on resource configuration policies for network operators based on DiffServ and IntServ QoS technologies [RFC 3644]. The heterogeneous networks QoS policy information (HQPIM) model proposed in this document builds upon it considering also IETF Policy Core Information Model [RFC 3060] and its extensions as specified in [RFC 3460] HQPIM is addressing QoS policies, which are mapped to the capabilities of heterogeneous data link access networks. HQPIM is based on information base describing: - capabilities of heterogeneous networks and their relationships to the network resource usage, - Applications with their appropriate flow control parameters for particular networks and - QoS/SLA measurement strategies and scenarios for different heterogeneous networks. HQPIM design is using the information for policies controlling: - resource usage (configuration and adaptation of resources of network devices), - application transport (flow control parameters and behaviour of applications) at particular network and - QoS measurement strategies dependent on the capabilities of the networks. In figure 1, the general HQPIM description is shown. Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 10] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 Information base Policy information +-----------------------+ +-------------------+ |Network resource | |QoS Capabilities | | (re-) configuration ->| |of data link layer --->+ | Adaptation of | | (UMTS,WLAN,DVB-H, | | | QoS parameters | |WiMAX, 802.x, etc.)| | +------->+ to network | +-------------------+ | | | technology | | | +-----------------------+ +-----------------------+ | | | QoS mechanisms of | | | +-------------------+ | network layer +-->+ | | Application | |(Diffserv,IntServ,MPLS)| | | | transport | | | V | |(re-)configuration | +-----------------------+ ++-----+---+--+ | -> | | QoS policy | | Adaptation of | | for +--->+ flow control to | |heterogeneous| | heterogeneous | | network | | networks | +---------------+ ++------------+ +-------------------+ |Transport | A | |parameters of | | | |applications +---->+ | +--------------------+ |for heter.netw.| | | | QoS measurement | +---------------+ | | | (re-)configuration | | | | -> | +------------+ | | | Optimisation of | |Measurement | | | | QoS measurement | |& Monitoring+---->+ +------>+ strategies for | |Parameters | | heterog. networks | +------------+ +--------------------+ Figure 1: Heterogeneous networks QoS policy (HQPIM) information model 5. Actor oriented hierarchical policy concept The IETF policy core information model [RFC 3060] and its extension [RFC 3460] are based on hierarchical relationships considering policy set, policy group and policy rule concepts. Based on the different actors specifying QoS policies in heterogeneous access network environment, an additional hierarchical relationship of QoS policy can be derived from the dependencies of the policy actors - users, service providers and network operators. The actor based hierarchical policy relationship can be used for automated policy adaptation considering different restrictions of the actors for usage of the particular networks and their resources in the heterogeneous network environment. Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 11] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 The network operator policies give the framework for specification of policies of the service provider and network operator. The user can specify policies based on the QoS restrictions defined by the service provider and network operator. Also the interactions of policies of different network operators must be considered, when configuring the policies at the lower layers for service providers and users. In order to handle automatically hierarchical policy dependencies of different actors, hierarchical policy rules are defined. The hierarchical policy rules specifies the automated adaptation of lower layer policies by parameters of higher level policies considering hierarchical relationships of policy actors. These rules are triggered at time of specification and enforcement of a dependent policy (i.e. lower layer policy). The actor oriented hierarchical policy management model is illustrated in figure 2: +--------------+ +----------------+ +----------------+ | |----->| Policies of |---------->| | | | |Network Operator| | | | | +----------------+ | | | Hierarchical | | | Reinforcement | | policy rules | V | learning rules | | for | +----------------+ | for automated | | automated |----->| Policies of |---------->| adaption of | |configuration |<-----|Service Provider|<----------| higher level | |and adaptation| +----------------+ | policies based | |of lower layer| | |on adaptation of| | policies | V | lower level | | | +-----------------+ | policies | | | | Policies of | | | | |----->|Users (Customers)+--------->| | +--------------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ Figure 2: Actor oriented hierarchical policy adaptation In addition to the hierarchical mapping and adaptation, there are additional rules for automated adaptation of higher level policies using “feedback” information from the policies of lower layers. These rules can be based on the learning algorithms, in particular using reinforcement learning techniques. 6. Conclusion and further work A framework for QoS management in heterogeneous network environment was discussed. Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 12] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 The heterogeneous network QoS policy model (HQPIM) was presented and related to the IETF QPIM [5]. HQPIM flexibility for new business scenarios was argued based on different kinds of policies - resource, transport and measurement. and actor-oriented hierarchical policy adapation. The EU IST project NETQOS is focussed on the implementation of the concepts in this draft [18]. References [1] J. Boyle, R. Cohen, D. Durham, S. Herzog, R. Rajan, and A. Sastry, "The COPS (Common Open Policy Service) Protocol", RFC 2748, January 2000. [2] K. Chan, D. Durham, S. Gai, S. Herzog, K. McCloghrie, F. Reichmeyer, J. Seligson, A. Smith, and R. Yavatkar, "COPS Usage for Policy Provisioning (COPS- PR)", RFC 3084, March 2001. [3] B. Moore, E. Elleson, J. Strassner, A. Westerinen, “Policy Core Information Model-Version 1 Specification”, RFC 3060, February 2001. [4] B. Moore, “Policy Core Information Model (PCIM) Extensions”, RFC 3460, January 2003. [5] Y. Snir, Y. Ramberg, J. Strassner, R. Cohen, B. Moore, “Policy Quality of Service (QoS) Information Model”, RFC 3644, November 2003. [6] R. Sahita, S. Hahn, K. Chan, K. McCloghrie, "Framework Policy Information Base Information Model for Describing Network Device QoS Datapath Mechanisms”, RFC 3318, March 2003. [7] B. Moore, D. Durham, J. Strassner, A. Westerinen, W. Weiss, “Information Model for Describing Network Device QoS Datapath Mechanisms",RFC 3670, January 2004. [8] K. Murray, R. Mathur, D. Pesch, “Intelligent Access and Mobility Management in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks using Policy”, Workshop on adaptive systems for ubiquitous computing, Pages: 181 – 186, 200. [9] S. Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [10] L. Huang, K. A. Chew, R. Tafazolli, “Network selection for One-to-Many Services In 3G-Broadcasting Cooperative Networks”, 2005 Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 13] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 [11] X. Gao, G. Wu, T. Miki, „QoS Framework for Mobile Heterogeneous Networks“, 2003 [12] L. Teo, G.-J. Ahn, “Supporting Access Control Policies Across Multiple Operating Systems”, 43rd ACM Southeast Conference, Kennesaw, GA, USA, March 18-20, 2005 [13] A. Westerinen, J. Schnizlein, J. Strassner, M. Scherling, R. Quinn, S. Herzog, A. Huynh, M. Carlson, J. Perry, J. and M. Waldbusser, "Terminology for Policy-based Management", RFC 3198, November 2001. [14] I. Miloucheva, P.A. Gutierrez, D. Hetzer, A.Nassri, M.. Beoni, “INTERMON architecture for complex QoS analysis in inter-domain environment based on discovery of topology and traffic impact,” 2nd International Workshop on Inter-domain Performance and Simulation, Budpaest, Hungary, February, 2004 [15] J. Mocito, N. Almeida, A. Lopes, H. Miranda, J. Mocito, L. Rodrigues, L. Rosa, "Context Adaptation of the Communication Stack", International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, Vol. 21, Issue 3, June 2006, pp. 169-181. [16] N. Van Wambeke, F. Armando, C. Chassot, E. Exposito, "Architectures and models for transport protocols self-adaptation", 2nd International IEEE Workshop on Service Oriented Architectures in Converging Networked Environments (SOCNE'07), Niagara Falls, Canada, May 21-23, 2007. [17] C. Chassot, K. Guennoun, K. Drira, F. Armando, E. Exposito, A. Lozes, "Towards autonomous management of QoS through model-driven adaptability in communication-centric systems", International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications (ITSSA), Special issue on Self-Organizing Communications, vol.2, n°3, September 2006, pp. 255-264. [18] IST project, "Policy Based Management of Heterogeneous Networks for Guaranteed QoS (NETQOS)", www.ist-netqos.org Author's Addresses P.A Aranda Gutierrez Telefonica, Investigacion y Desarrollo, S.A.U. ES-28034 Madrid, Spain Phone: +34-91-337-4702 Email: paag@tid.es Ilka Miloucheva Fraunhofer Institute, SATCOM FOKUS,Schloss Birlinghoven 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany Phone: +49-2241-14-3471 Email: ilka.miloucheva@fokus.fraunhofer.de Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 14] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 Christophe CHASSOT LAAS/CNRS - Groupe Outils et Logiciels pour la Communication 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France Phone: +5 61 33 78 16 Email : chassot@laas.fr Adam Flizikowski Adam Mickiewicz University (UAM), Department of Applied Informatics 61-614 Poznan, Poland Phone: +48-505-086-892 Email: adamf@amu.edu.pl Sathya Rao TELSCOM Bern, Switzerland Phone: +41 31 3762033 Email: rao@telscom.ch Christof Brandauer Fax: 0043 662 2288441 Salzburg Research, Austria Phone: +43 662 2288447 Email: christof.brandauer@salzburgresearch.at Salvatore D'Antonio Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per l'Informatica (CINI) 80124 Napoli, Italia Email: saldanto@unina.it Intellectual Property Statement The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 15] INTERNET-DRAFT QoS policies for heterogeneous networks February 2007 The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Disclaimer of Validity This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. Aranda Gutierrez Expires June 26, 2007 [Page 16]